PASSIVE VOICE Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Mgr. Zuzana Jurajdová. Dostupné z Metodického portálu ISSN Provozuje národní ústav pro vzdělávání, školské poradenské zařízení a zařízení pro další vzdělávání pedagogických pracovníků (NÚV).

Přelož dané věty do angličtiny: Charles Dickens napsal Olivera Twista. Olivera Twista napsal Charles Dickens. Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist. Oliver Twist wrote Charles Dickens. Není. Proč? Protože věty v angličtině nikdy nezačínají předmětem. Proto se v angličtině mnohem častěji používá pasivum. Je tento překlad správný?

PASIVUM – POUŽITÍ používáme, jestliže nás nezajímá, kdo činnost provádí, ale její výsledek; jestliže činitel děje je nedůležitý nebo neznámý. It was made in China. Bylo to vyrobeno v Číně. She was offered a new job. Byla jí nabídnuta nová práce. A new hospital was built. Byla postavena nová nemocnice. My car was stolen. Moje auto bylo ukradeno.

PASIVUM – POUŽITÍ když je činitel děje jasný z kontextu; nechceme činitele zmínit. I was born in Narodila jsem se v roce A mistake was made. Udělali jsme chybu. The computer was broken. Někdo zničil počítač.

PASIVUM – POUŽITÍ v obecných prohlášeních a oznámeních; The entrance will be closed. Vchod bude uzavřen. Guests are asked not to smoke. Hosté jsou požádáni, aby nekouřili. It´s said that women live longer than men. Tvrdí se, že ženy žijí déle než muži.

PASIVUM – POUŽITÍ když chceme zdůraznit činnost; činitele zmiňujeme předložkou „by“. America was discovered by Columbus. Amerika byla objevena Kolumbem. The printing press was invented by J. Gutenberg. Knihtisk byl vynalezen J. Gutenbergem. The car was repaired by Mr. Novak. Auto bylo opraveno panem Novákem.

PASIVUM – TVORBA na prvním místě ve větě bude stát předmět; následuje sloveso být v daném času; a příčestí minulé. Oliver Twist was written by Charles Dickens. Nike shoes are made in China.

PASIVUM – TVORBA Someone writes a test.A test is written. Someone wrote a test.A test was written. Someone will write a test.A test will be written. PROSTÝ ČAS ◦ PŘÍTOMNÝ ◦ MINULÝ ◦ BUDOUCNOST S „WILL“

Urči v dané větě předmět a utvoř větu v pasivu: They gave me a test. I was given a test. A test was given to me. They make these T-shirts in India. These T-shirts are made in India. They told me to stay here. I was told to stay here. They will write the test tomorrow. The test will be written tomorrow.

Utvoř dané věty v pasivu. Použij přítomný čas prostý: a newspaper / read the songs / not sing a letter / write the window / open the tables / not set the money / pay you / help English / not speak A newspaper is read. The songs aren´t sung. A letter is written. The window is opened. The tables aren´t set. The money are paid. You are helped. English isn´t spoken.

Utvoř dané věty v pasivu. Použij minulý čas prostý: shoes / make apples / grow the movie / not see a story / write the flowers / not water the match / play English / not teach the message / not read Shoes were made. Apples were grown. The movie wasn´t seen. A story was written. The flowers weren´t wattered. The match was played. English wasn´t taught. The message wasn´t read.

Utvoř dané věty v pasivu. Použij budoucnost s „will“: poems / make a computer / not buy the theatre / visit the tests / write the patient / not see he / test the toilet / repair it / not do Poems will be made. A computer won´t be bought. The theatre will be visited. The tests will be written. The patient won´t be seen. He will be tested. The toilet will be repaired. It won´t be done.

Rozhodni, zda se jedná o aktivum nebo pasivum: They draw nice pictures. A lot of mistakes were made. She doesn´t write a long poem. Somebody helped me yesterday. He was picked up by his friend. Somebody was robbed in the theatre. The thief stole a lot of money. She was late for her exam. ACTIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE

Převeď věty do pasiva, použij správný čas: I´ll draw a picture. They wear blue clothes. She didn´t stop the car. We counted the bills. They don´t make pizza. Somebody will pick me up. They sent an . You informed them. A picture will be drawn. Blue clothes is worn. The car wasn´t stopped. The bills were counted. Pizza isn´t made. I´ll be picked up. An was sent. They were informed.

PASIVUM – TVORBA PRŮBĚHOVÝ ČAS ◦ PŘÍTOMNÝ ◦ MINULÝ ◦ BUDOUCNOST S „GOING TO“ Someone is writing a test.A test is being written. Someone was writing a test. A test was being written. Someone is going to write a test. A test is going to be written.

Urči v dané větě předmět a utvoř větu v pasivu: I´m washing the car. They´re taking a picture. We weren´t eating the meat. She is driving him home. Someone is going to buy the hat. They aren´t going to plant the trees. I´m not playing tennis. Nobody was feeding the cats. The car is being washed. A picture is being taken. The meat wasn´t being eaten. He is being driven home. The hat is going to be bought. The trees aren´t going to be planted. Tennis is not being played. The cats weren´t being fed.

Utvoř větu v pasivu, použij čas v závorce: the bike / repair the house / not paint she / ask questions dinner / eat computer / not turn off a film / watch the book / not read The bike was being repaired.v PAST CONTINUOUS FUTURE – GOING TO The house isn´t going to be painted. PRESENT CONTINUOUS She is being asked questions. PAST SIMPLE Dinner was eaten. FUTURE – WILL The computer won´t be turned off. PRESENT SIMPLE A film is watched. PAST SIMPLE The book wasn´t read.

Převeď věty z pasiva do aktiva: A test was written by the students. The house is going to be cleaned. A picture is being drawn by the painter. Questions are answered. She was taught to ski. The students wrote a test. Somebody is going to clean the house. The painter is drawing a picture. They answer questions. Somebody taught her to ski.

Jaký čas je použit v dané větě? Instructions will be given to you. The painting is viewed by thousands of people. The victory was being celebrated. A bag is being carried by an old man. These shoes were made in Italy. The cake is going to be eaten. The letter was sent yesterday. Nice songs are being sung at the church. FUTURE - WILL PRESENT SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE FUTURE – GOING TO PAST SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Z prostého času vytvoř průběhový. The car was driven by a dog. The seeds are planted. The film was watched. An apple is eaten every day. The ball was kicked around. The car was being driven by a dog. The seeds are being planted. The film was being watched. An apple is being eaten every day. The ball was being kicked around.

Z průběhového tvaru utvoř prostý. The book was being written. The bus is being driven by a man. The houses were being cleaned. The thief is being chased. The wood was being cut. The book was written. The bus is driven by a man. The houses were cleaned. The thief is chased. The wood was cut.

Doplň tabulku dle tvých znalostí o ČR, poté napiš ke každé položce odstavec v pasivu: FARMING What is grown? (apples, wheat…) Where? FOOD AND DRINK What is produced? (wine, …) By whom? INDUSTRY What is made? (cars, electronics) Where? IMPORTS AND EXPORTS: What is imported (exported)? From where? Possible answers: Wheat and sugar beet are grown in lowlands in the Czech Republic. Beer and sugar is produced in the CZ. Beer is produced by Pilsner Urquell. Skoda cars are made in Mlada Boleslav. Trucks are made in Tatra in Kopřivnice. Cars are imported to the Czech Republic from Germany, and computers are imported from Asia.

Napiš článek o Národním divadlu, použij pasivum The National Theatre money (collect) land (buy) Provisional Theatre (build) the Provisional Theatre (open) foundation stone for National Theatre (lay) National Theatre (open) fire (destroy) National Theatre (reopen) Possible answer: In 1851 money for the future National Theatre were collected, two years later the land was bought. The Provisional Theatre was built in It was openned in 1862 and the foundation stone for National Theatre was laid 6 years later. In 1881 was the National Theatre opened but it was destroyed by fire the same year. It was reopened 2 years later.

International quiz: Utvoř otázky a odpověz: where / Portuguese / speak / in America where / cars / drive / on the left where / sushi / eat what language / most widely / speak / in the world written language / invent what / measure / on Richter scale? how many / alphabets / use / in the world which country / visit / most people Where in America is Portuguese spoken? Where are cars driven on the left? Where is sushi eaten? What language is most widely spoken in the world? Where was written language invented? What is measured on Richter scale? Which country is visited by most people? How many alphabets are used in the world? Brazil Australia, Great Britain, India Japan Chinese, English Egypt, Mesopotamia, China and Mexiko earthquakes more than 50 France

Spoj objekty s autory a správným slovesem. Utvoř větu v pasivu: Romeo and Juliet penicillin universe telephone Mona Lisa Eiffel Tower A. Fleming L. da Vinci Big bang Shakespeare Gustav Eiffel A. G. Bell paint invent create construct discover write

Romeo and Juliet was written by W. Shakespeare. Penicillin was discovered by A. Fleming. Universe was created by big bang. Telephone was invented by G. Bell. Mona Lisa was painted by L. da Vinci. Eiffel Tower was constructed by G. Eiffel.

Utvoř věty o projektu dle tabulky: Project task finishedwhen Water and electricity (connect)nonow New pool (complete)yeslast month Fitness centre (build)noin spring Reception area (develop)yesat the moment New guest rooms (build)yestwo weeks ago Old guest rooms (renovate)nonext month Roof (repaired)yeslast week Water and electricity are being connected. The new pool was completed last month. A fitness centre will be built in spring. The reception area is being developed at the moment. New guests rooms were built two weeks ago. The roof was repaired last week. Old guests rooms will be renovated next month.

Zdroje: materiál autora