Autorem materiálu a všech jeho částí, není-li uvedeno jinak, je Bc. Martin Krčmař. Střední škola hotelnictví a služeb a Vyšší odborná škola, Opava, příspěvková organizace. Materiál byl vytvořen v rámci projektu OP VK 1.5 – EU peníze středním školám, registrační číslo CZ.1.07/1.5.00/ ČLEN URČITÝ (A/AN) A ČLEN NEURČITÝ (THE) duben 2013VY_32_INOVACE_AGJ_140111

Člen určitý (a/an) a člen neurčitý (the) Read the text and underline the articles: I live in a village in the north-west of Ireland. The village is called North Milton. It has a population of 350. It's a very nice place and I like living by the sea. The scenery is lovely. My dad is a fisherman. He's got a big boat. I sometimes go fishing with him on the boat when the weather is good. However, it can be boring there sometimes. The nearest town is 20 kilometres away. There is much more to do! They have got a sports centre, many bars and a cinema there. When I am older, I am going to move to a town like that. obr. 1

Člen určitý (a/an) a člen neurčitý (the) Read the text and underline the articles: I live in a village in the north-west of Ireland. The village is called North Milton. It has a population of 350. It's a very nice place and I like living by the sea. The scenery is lovely. My dad is a fisherman. He's got a big boat. I sometimes go fishing with him on the boat when the weather is good. However, it can be boring there sometimes. The nearest town is 20 kilometres away. There is much more to do! They have got a sports centre, many bars and a cinema there. When I am older, I am going to move to a town like that. obr. 1

člen neurčitý – a/an Člen neurčitý používáme před podstatnými jmény v jednotném čísle, když: 1)o něčem mluvíme poprvé I live in a village. They have a cinema there. 2)říkáme, jaké něco nebo někdo je It's a very nice place. It's a lovely day. She's an amazing actress. 3)říkáme, kdo kým je/co něčím je My dad is a fisherman. He was an architect. Birmingham is a big city in England. člen určitý – the Člen určitý používáme před podstatnými jmény v jednotném i množném čísle, když: 1)o něčem mluvíme znova The village is called North Milton. The cinema is old. 2)je jasné všem, o čem se mluví Mum's in the kitchen (the kitchen in our house) The boy in the red T-shirt is my friend.(víme, který to je,má červené triko) 3)když něco existuje jen jednou I live by the sea. She is the best actress in Hollywood. I live in the centre of Opava. Pravidla a použití Člen určitý (a/an) a člen neurčitý (the)

a/an a – když na začátku slova za členem slyšíme souhlásku a car, a house, a student, a new friend, a beautiful garden an – když na začátku slova za členem slyšíme samohlásku an apple, an orange, an old house, an interesting book

Příklady 1)I bought an apple and a sandwich for lunch. 2)The apple was sweet but the sandwich was terrible. V první větě mluvíme o jablku a sendviči poprvé. (nová informace = a/an) V druhé větě už mluvíme o té samé a konkrétní věci, posluchač ví, co přesně máme oba na mysli. (the) obr. 2 obr. 3

1)This is a lovely house, has it got a garden? 2)It´s a beautiful day, lets sit in the garden. V první větě mluvíme o tom, jaký dům je. (a/an) V první větě mluvíme o nějaké, jedné z mnoha, neurčité, neznámé zahradě. (a/an) V druhé větě všichni víme, na jakou konkrétní, určitou zahradu si sednout. Posluchač ví, co přesně máme oba na mysli. Oba myslíme na stejnou věc. (the) obr. 4 Příklady

My parents live in a new house in a small village. There is a beautiful garden behind the house. I would like to have a garden like that. I have a friend. She is a student. She is the best-looking girl at school. She sings in a band. The band is really good. She wants to be a famous singer and travel the world. Vysvětlete použití členů člen neurčitý – a/an 1)o něčem mluvíme poprvé 2)říkáme, jaké něco nebo někdo je 3)říkáme, kdo kým je / co něčím je člen určitý – the 1)o něčem mluvíme znova 2)je jasné všem, o čem se mluví 3)když něco existuje jen jednou obr. 5

Doplňte a/an/the 1.Elisabeth is xax very interesting person. You must meet her. 2.I am very tired. I need xax cup of coffee or xax nap. 3.Excuse me, how I get to the nearest bus stop? Go straight on, and then take the first right. 4.The Browns have two children. xAx boy and xax girl. The boy is 7 and the girl is 11. Mr. Brown works in xax restaurant. His wife is xax hairdresser. 5.Jim is xax student. When he finishes school, he wants to become xax doctor. He lives with xax friend in xax flat near the university where he is studying. The flat is small but he likes it there. obr. 6

Doplňte a/an/the 1.Elisabeth is xax very interesting person. You must meet her. 2.I am very tired. I need xax cup of coffee or xax nap. 3.Excuse me, how I get to the nearest bus stop? Go straight on, and then take the first right. 4.The Browns have two children. xAx boy and xax girl. The boy is 7 and the girl is 11. Mr. Brown works in xax restaurant. His wife is xax hairdresser. 5.Jim is xax student. When he finishes school, he wants to become xax doctor. He lives with xax friend in xax flat near the university where he is studying. The flat is small but he likes it there. obr. 6

I love Italian food. Tigers don't live in Africa. I hate cold tea or coffee. Jim collects stamps. We don't like Mondays. My sister loves dogs. X The dogs in the neighbourhood make a lot of noise at night. Zobecňování = bez členu Nepoužíváme člen určitý, když mluvíme obecně a nemyslíme přímo na konkrétní věc. Zobecňování obr. 7

Doplňte the/žádný člen potatoes? weather today? old black and white films? scenery around your city? -Japanese films? Do you like big cities? thenew TV series? Chinese food? cheerful people? first song on this CD? Czech President? pessimistic people?

Řešení -potatoes? theweather today? -old black and white films? thescenery around your city? -Japanese films? Do you like -big cities? thenew TV series? -Chinese food? -cheerful people? thefirst song on this CD? theCzech President? -pessimistic people?

Závěrečné cvičení: doplňte a/an/the/- 1)Do you want to speak to dad? He’s in the garage. 2)xxx wild animals can be dangerous. 3)Did you see the President on TV last night? 4)I would like to live in the country. 5)There is xax beautiful pond near our house. 6)My brother hates xxx cats. 7)I usually read xxx sci-fi books. 8)We don’t buy a lot of food from the shop in the village. 9)I got xax new laptop for my birthday. 10) Close the window, please, it's very cold in here!

1)Do you want to speak to dad? He’s in the garage. 2)Wild animals can be dangerous. 3)Did you see the President on TV last night? 4)I would like to live in the country. 5)There is xax beautiful pond near our house. 6)My brother hates cats. 7)I usually read sci-fi books. 8)We don’t buy a lot of food from the shop in the village. 9)I got xax new laptop for my birthday. 10) Close the window, please, it's very cold in here! Řešení

MATURITA SOLUTIONS Pre-Intermediate STUDENT´S BOOK. Oxford University Press, ISBN MURPHY, Raymond. Essential Grammar in Use. London: Cambridge University Press, ISBN POUŽITÁ LITERATURA

obr.1: Scotlands-Ski-and-Snowboard-Show-Scottish-Outdoor-Show [online] [cit ]. Dostupné z: obr.2: Apple 5 Clip Art [online] [cit ]. Dostupné z: C/apple_5.pnghttp:// C/apple_5.png obr.3: Club Sandwich bread olive Clip Art [online] [cit ]. Dostupné z: obr.4: House 12 Clip Art [online] [cit ]. Dostupné z: obr.5: Female singer Clip Art [online] [cit ]. Dostupné z: obr. 6: Woman 5 Clip Art [online] [cit ]. Dostupné z: obr.7: Barking dog cartoon Clip Art [online] [cit ]. Dostupné z: CITACE ZDROJŮ