ŠABLONA 32 VY_32_INOVACE_09_25_Have to

Have to Anotace : Prezentace může sloužit jako výkladové a procvičovací učivo Autor: Mgr. Daniela Hamplová, BcA. Jazyk: Anglický jazyk Očekávaný výstup: vysvětlit a procvičit obligaci a její užití Speciální vzdělávací potřeby: dataprojektor, interaktivní tabule Klíčová slova: obligation, nutnost Druh učebního materiálu: prezentace Druh interaktivity: aktivita Cílová skupina: žák Stupeň a typ vzdělávání: základní vzdělávání – druhý stupeň Typická věková skupina: 12 – 15 let

HAVE TO Have to means strong obligation, usually under external circumstances. Have to znamená v anglickém jazyce nutnost, jako MUST, ale zejména nutnost pod vlivem vnějších okolností. The meaning is similar to must. Have got + infinitive is also common. I don´t believe you. You have got to be joking.

Have to + infinitive of the verb I have to clean my room. She has to buy some new clothes. We have to go to the supermarket. What do you have to do?

When we want to use the future or past tense of have to, we add will or put the verb have into the past form. Pokud chceme vyjádřit budoucnost nebo minulost, použijeme have to v budoucí formě s will nebo převedeme sloveso have do minulého tvaru. I will have to clean my room. I had to clean my room.

External circumstances that make the obligation necessary: Vnější podněty, které způsobují nutnost: You have to pass your exams or the university will not accept you. I have to arrive at work at 9 sharp. My boss is very strict

Other use of have to In British English, we often use 'have got to' to mean the same as 'have to'. I've got to take this book back to the library or I'll get a fine. We've got to finish now as somebody else needs this room.

Negative of have to There is a huge difference in the negative forms. We use 'mustn't' to express strong obligations NOT to do something. We mustn't talk about it. It's confidential. I mustn't eat chocolate. It's bad for me. You mustn't phone me at work. We aren't allowed personal calls. They mustn't see us talking or they'll suspect something.

We use 'don't have to' (or 'haven't got to' in British English) to state that there is NO obligation or necessity. We don't have to get there on time. The boss is away today. I don't have to listen to this. I'm leaving.

You don't have to come if you don't want to. He doesn't have to sign anything if he doesn't want to at this stage. I haven't got to go. Only if I want to.

Questions Questions are formed the same way as ordinary present tense statements. Do you have to go to the meeting? Does she have to say this aloud?

Sources / Zdroje SWAN, M. Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 978 0 19 442096 9. MURPHY, R. English Grammar In Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 3-12-533683-X. WALKER S., ELSWORTH, E. Longman Grammar Practice. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd., 2000. ISBN 0 582 41721 X. http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/musthaveto/menu.php [ 30.12.2011] http://learnenglish.blog.cz/0808/must-have-to [ 30.12.2011]