ARCHITECTURE: Historical outline Autor: Mgr. Helena Blechová EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Anglický jazyk – Vynálezy a architektura Anotace Tematický okruh Anglický jazyk – Vynálezy a architektura Anotace DUM je určen studentům 3. ročníku TL. Studenti jsou zde seznámeni se základními stavebními slohy a světovými památkami, které tyto styly reprezentují. Metodický pokyn Interaktivní prezentace. Slouží jako výkladový materiál. Vede k větší motivaci studentů především díky své názornosti. Druh materiálu prezentace Datum tvorby 15. 12. 2013 Číslo materiálu VY_32_INOVACE_Bv1_6 EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Architecture – historical outline Stonehenge - a circular structure built of huge stones, is perhaps the most famous prehistoric monument in the world. It is situated in the south of England and was built in several stages. The oldest circle was erected in around 2,500 BC. We can only guess what it was used for. Scientists suggest that it was a burial place at the beginning, but it could have been a temple, a calendar, a clock… Anyway, it is a magic place! Prehistoric times EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

The Egyptian Pyramids are a famous symbol of ancient Egypt The Egyptian Pyramids are a famous symbol of ancient Egypt. The first pyramids were built in about 2,500 BC. They are made of enormous stone blocks which weigh up to 200 tonnes each and we can only wonder how they could be built without modern machines. It is estimated that about 25,000 people worked for 20 years to build each pyramid. They were used as tombs for pharaohs. The great wall of China is a defensive wall that was built in about 300 BC. The wall is over 2,000km long, 3.5m high and 4.5m wide at the top. It is made of earth covered with stone. Ancient times EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Roman Colosseum and Greek Parthenon are other famous examples of ancient architecture. Hadrian´s wall is a Roman monument in the north of England. It was a defensive wall built to protect the occupied territory against the wild tribes of Picts in the north of the island. It was built of earth and stone in 125AD and was 117km long, 6.5m high and 3m wide. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

The best examples of architecture after the fall of the Roman empire are connected with Christianity to glorify the church. Byzantine architecture is represented best by the church Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. It was completed in 537AD. Middle ages EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Romanesque style was typical in the 10 century and the examples are St Romanesque style was typical in the 10 century and the examples are St. George´s basilica at Prague castle or St. Martin´s rotunda at Vyšehrad. Gothic style began in the 12 century and many famous cathedrals are built in accordance with it e.g. St. Vitus´ cathedral in Prague, Notre Dame in Paris, Canterbury Cathedral in the south of England… EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

New era was marked by the discovery of the New World - America in 1492. It brought interest in ancient philosophy, science, art, literature etc.   Renaissance is typical in architecture of the 16th and 17th centuries. Versailles in France, Queen Anne´s Summer House in Prague are examples. Modern times EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Baroque with magnificent domes and decorations to glorify God and to support the power of the church followed in the second half of the 17th century Prague has the best example - St. Nicolas´ Church in Lesser Town. Neoclassical architecture was inspired by ancient architecture and is characterized by symmetry, triangular gables and tall columns. Many impressive public buildings were built in this style in 18th and 19th centuries, for example White House in Washington DC, National Museum and Estate Theatre in Prague… EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Art-Nouveau was popular at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. It is characterized by specific ornaments, stained glass, mosaics.. Municipal House in Prague is perhaps the best example. Modern architecture can be represented by Opera House in Sydney, Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao or Dancing House in Prague. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Použité zdroje: Fotka Hagia Sofia – AUTOR NEUVEDEN. www. pixybay Použité zdroje: Fotka Hagia Sofia – AUTOR NEUVEDEN. www.pixybay.com [online]. [cit. 15.12.2013]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/hagia-sophia-turecko-istanbul-216471/ Katedrála Sv. Víta – AUTOR NEUVEDEN. www.pixybay.com [online]. [cit. 15.12.2013]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/sct-svatov%C3%ADtsk%C3%A9-katedr%C3%A1ly-arhiteture-78134/ Versailles – AUTOR NEUVEDEN. www.pixybay.com [online]. [cit. 15.12.2013]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/versailles-sun-king-sun-94574/ Obecní dům v Praze – AUTOR NEUVEDEN. www.pixybay.com [online]. [cit. 15.12.2013]. Dostupný na WWW: http://www.shutterstock.com/pic.mhtml?language=cs&id=3086863 EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Sydney Opera House - AUTOR NEUVEDEN. www. pixybay. com [online]. [cit Sydney Opera House - AUTOR NEUVEDEN. www.pixybay.com [online]. [cit. 15.12.2013]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/sydney-opery-d%C5%AFm- 164975/ Archiv autorky a obrázky z galerie Microsoft Office. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154