PRESENT PERFECT & PAST SIMPLE Autor: Mgr. Ivana Dvořáková Datum vytvoření: listopad 2012 DUM = Digitální Učební Materiál Gymnázium Dr. Karla Polesného, Znojmo Anglický jazyk

HOW TO USE IT? WHEN TO USE IT? PRESENT PERFECT (PŘEDPŘÍTOMNÝ ČAS)

PRESENT PERFECT – BUT WHICH ONE?  FORM : [has/have + past participle] I have seen that movie many times. (Ten film jsem viděl mockrát.) Have you ever tried sushi? (Ochutnal jsi někdy sushi?) I have never been to France. (Nikdy jsem nebyl ve Francii.)  FORM: [has/have + been + present participle] We have been waiting here for two hours! (Čekáme tady už dvě hodiny!) What have you been doing lately? (Co poslední dobou děláš?) She has not been drinking for years. (Nepije už roky.) PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLEPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USE AND TYPICAL EXPRESSIONS  EXPERIENCE: three times, before, ever  UNFINISHED ACTION: still, yet  CHANGE OVER TIME: since Tuesday NEVER WITH: last (week, month, year...) in years ago  DURATION FROM THE PAST UNTIL NOW: since Tuesday for (two days, five minutes...)  RECENT PERIOD OF TIME lately recently NEVER WITH exact time expressions (see left column) PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLEPRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

TRANSLATE  Sedím tu už dvě hodiny!  I have been sitting here for two hours!  Neviděl jsem ho od ledna.  I haven’t seen him since January.  Složil jsi tu zkoušku?  Have you passed the exam?  Táta ještě nepřijel.  Dad hasn’t arrived/come yet.  Co poslední dobou děláš?  What have you been doing lately?

HOW TO USE IT? WHEN TO USE IT? PAST SIMPLE (MINULÝ ČAS PROSTÝ)

PAST SIMPLE  FORM: [verb+ed] or [irregular verb] I saw a horrible movie yesterday. (Včera jsem viděl hroznej film.) Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? (Hrál jsi jako dítě na nějaký hudební nástroj?) I didn’t have dinner last night. (Včera jsem nevečeřel.)

USE AND TYPICAL EXPRESSIONS  USE: COMPLETED ACTION IN THE PAST Last year, I travelled to Japan. SERIES OF COMPLETED ACTIONS He arrived from the airport at 8:00 and checked into the hotel at 9:00. HABITS IN THE PAST He played the violin. (ale už nehraje)  TYPICAL EXPRESSIONS: last, in 2005, three month ago, sentence with when...

EXERCISES WITH REAL-LIFE EXAMPLES READY TO TEST YOURSELVES?

FILL IN THE GAPS! 1.I haven’t him in over a year. 2. Have you that before? 3. He has too much television lately. 4. Did you to that party last week? 5. Have you ever in love? 6. I have at this university for twenty years. 7. I have never about it. 8. I haven’t to her since the last meeting. 9. It all about two years ago. 10. I have never so happy.

FILL IN THE GAPS! 1. I haven’t seen him in over a year. 2. Have you heard that before? 3. He has been watching too much television lately. 4. Did you go to that party last week? 5. Have you ever been in love? 6. I have been teaching at this university for twenty years. 7. I have never thought about it. 8. I haven’t spoken to her since the last meeting. 9. It all started about two years ago. 10. I have never felt so happy.

REFERENCES  Real-life example sentences in the last section have been extracted from the British National Corpus Online service (see  Recommended literature (student workbook): Conrad, S., Biber, D.: Real Grammar. A Corpus-Based Approach to English. NY: Pearson-Longman, 2009.