Inventions, Science and Technology: Historical Outline Mgr. Helena Blechová EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Anglický jazyk – Vynálezy a architektura Anotace Tematický okruh Anglický jazyk – Vynálezy a architektura Anotace DUM je určen studentům 4. ročníku STA. Studenti jsou zde seznámeni vývojem vědy a techniky napříč stoletími. Metodický pokyn Interaktivní prezentace. Slouží jako výkladový materiál. Vede k větší motivaci studentů především díky své názornosti. Druh materiálu prezentace Datum tvorby 6. 2. 2013 Číslo materiálu VY_32_INOVACE_Bv1_1 EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Inventions, Science and Technology: Historical outline People have always tried to improve life, to make it easier by making different tools and machines. They have always needed to defend themselves, but also to gain advantage over others, so new and new weapons have been developed. And they have always been trying to learn more about the world and the universe. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Pre-historic times Pre-historic people made simple tools and weapons to hunt animals and make things they needed to survive e.g. clothes.  However, even pre-historic people had a very good knowledge of nature, movements of stars, the moon and the sun. Was famous Stonehenge a calendar?  The most important invention of all time the wheel and axle dates back as early as 4 500 BC.   EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Ancient times The old Egyptians had a good knowledge of human body, different herbs and drugs and they even performed operations on people. Unfortunately, not many patients survived opening their skull.  The Chinese invented many useful things e.g. paper and ink, gunpowder, the magnetic compass and printing. Ancient Greek philosophers and scientists e.g. Aristotle and Pythagoras pushed forward learning about the world. Hippocrates (460-377 BC) is considered to be the father of medicine. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Modern times Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was not only an artist, but also a scientist and an engineer who made many inventions e.g. flying machines (unsuccessful) and he improved guns. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian astronomer and the founder of the science of mechanics. He constructed telescope in 1616. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) formulated the basic laws of dynamics and gravitation.. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

The first industrial revolution (1760- 1840) This era saw the development of steam engines in factory machinery and the beginning of railways. The steam engine was invented by James Watt in 1765 and the first locomotive was constructed by George Stephenson a few years later. The beginning of the 19th century is the beginning of the photography as well. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

The second industrial revolution (1840- 1945) This era brought the use of electricity and radio waves, inventions of the telephone and the movies, discovery of radioactivity and X-rays, new medicines and vitamins (e.g. aspirin in 1897), inventions of cars, airplanes and television… EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

The third scientific-technical revolution (1945- ) It began after the WWII and was started indirectly by the invention of radar which helped the British win the Battle of Britain and led to the age of electronics. Plastics and man-made fibres came into use. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154

Použité zdroje: Archiv autorky a obrázky z galerie Microsoft Office. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0154