Conservation biology, different approaches Metodické pokyny : Číslo projektuCZ.1.07/1.5.00/ Kódování materiálu vy_32_INOVACE_bio_evo07 Označení materiáluevo07_Conservation biology_different approaches Název školyGymnázium Kladno AutorMgr. Veronika Nedvědová Anotace Základní informace o současných i minulých principech ochrany přírody. Podklady umožňují práci na principu CLIL výuky biologie v anglickém jazyce. PředmětBIO- biologie Tematická oblastEnvironmentální výchova TémaOchrana přírody Očekávané výstupy Pochopení základních principů ochrany přírody u nás i ve světě. Důraz je kladen na aktivitu žáků, formulaci názorů a zaujímání postojů. Základním principem je stimulace komunikace v rámci tématu. Klíčová slova Chráněná území, ekosystém, ekotony, nárazníkové zony, fragmentace prostředí. Druh učebního materiáluVýklad s kontrolními otázkami Ročník3. a 4. Cílová skupinavyšší stupeň osmiletého gymnázia, čtyřleté gymnázium Ověřeno Použitá literatura: → J.B.Reece a kol.: Campbell Biology, Pearson, Ninth Edition,2O11. →Hájková J. a kol.: Slovník ekologie a životního prostředí, Fontána a Živá Planeta, →Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press, Fifth Edition, Fotografie se svolením Vít Homér. Ostatní materiály z vlastních zdrojů.

Answer the questions: 1)When and where was the first national park established? 2)Can you name all four national parks in the Czech Republic? 3)Which of them is the oldest and which one has been declared most recently? 4)Give examples of natural reserves in your neighbourhood. Why are they protected? 5)Have you been to any protected areas abroad? Where was it? 6)Do you consider the topic of conservation important or not? Conservation biology, different approaches

1)Yellowstone National Park )KRNAP, České Švýcarsko, Podyjí, Šumava 3)KRNAP – 1963 and České Švýcarsko Answers: Conservation biology, different approaches

´´The protection, improvement, and use of natural resources according to principles that will assure their highest and economic or social benefits for man and his environment now and into future.´´ ´´The care and management of the natural environment.´´ What was and is conservation focused on? saving individual species biodiversity of animals, plants whole ecosystems Hájková J. a kol., Slovník ekologie a životního prostředí; Fontána & živá planeta (1998) Oxford Advanced Learner´s Dictionary of Current English; Oxford University Press, 5 th edition (1995) Conservation biology, different approaches

ESTABLISHING PROTECTED AREAS set aside nature reserves are biodiversity islands in a sea of habitat degraded by human activity based on the premise that ecosystems are balanced, stable and self regulating units ? more numerous and small reserves → easier management ? fewer large reserves → far-ranging animals ≈ fragmented habitat → limited migration, increase of inbreeding, if any disturbance appears- the ecosystem is unbalanced and recovers with difficulties Conservation biology, different approaches

MOVEMENT CORRIDORS a narrow strip or series of small clumps of habitat connecting isolated patches ≈ a net of interconnected areas

EDGES some organisms thrive in edge communities → gain resources from both areas - deer- forest for shelter X meadows for grazing - brown headed cowbird- lays its eggs in the nests of migrating songbirds in the forest X open fields to forage on insects ≈ edge adapted may be important sites of speciation Conservation biology, different approaches

ZONED RESERVE APPROACH extensive region- consists of relatively undisturbed center (zone 1) that is surrounded by areas that have been changed by human activity and are used for economic gain (zones 2,3,4) ≈ buffer zones – prevent harm to protected area → protects relatively large areas → preserves the whole habitat → supports human activities ≈ stable economic base for people living there ≈ stability of the society → represents environmentally sustainable policy Conservation biology, different approaches

HOT SPOTS hot spot is relatively small area with a lot of endemic ( not found anywhere else in the world) and endangered species -terrestrial- cover 1.5 per cent of Earth‘s surface and include about one third of all species -marine – corral reefs, river systems From Conservation biology, different approaches

Worksheet Decide whether the statements are true or false. 1)Zoned reserve approach preserves only animals, not the whole habitat. 2)Fragmented habitat causes limited migration. 3)Edge adapted animals never gain resources from both areas. 4)Hot spots are large areas with a lot of endemic and endangered species. 5)When protected areas are smaller, their management is easier. 6)Movement corridors may be important sites of speciation. 7)There are regulations in buffer zones to prevent harm to protected areas. 8)A net of interconnected areas is called movement reserve. 9)Zoned reserve approach represents environmentally unsustainable policy. 10)Terrestrial hot spots cover about 15% of Earth‘s surface. Conservation biology, different approaches

Worksheet- answers 1)Zoned reserve approach preserves the whole habitat. 2)Fragmented habitat causes limited migration. 3)Edge adapted animals gain resources from both areas. 4)Hot spots are relatively small areas with a lot of endemic and endangered species. 5)When protected areas are smaller, their management is easier. 6)Edges may be important sites of speciation. 7)There are regulations in buffer zones to prevent harm to protected areas. 8)A net of interconnected areas is called movement corridor. 9)Zoned reserve approach represents environmentally sustainable policy. 10)Terrestrial hot spots cover about 1.5% of Earth‘s surface. Conservation biology, different approaches