SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 MEDICAL SCIENCE Autor: Mgr. Helena Blechová EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/ Tematický okruhAnglický jazyk – Vynálezy a architektura AnotaceDUM je určen studentům 4. ročníku TL a STA. Tento studijní materiál pojednává o počátcích medicíny ve starověku, její stagnaci ve středověku a formách léčby, které se v těchto obdobích používaly. Metodický pokynInteraktivní prezentace. Slouží jako výkladový materiál. Vede k větší motivaci studentů především díky své názornosti. Druh materiálu prezentace Datum tvorby Číslo materiálu VY_32_INOVACE_Bv1_18

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 Nowadays people live longer than in the past the progress in medical science Nowadays people on average live longer than in the past thanks to better living standards e.g. nutrition, hygiene etc. and especially the progress in medical science. Life expectancy Life expectancy in developed countries today is about 75 with men and 80 with women, the highest being in Japan (about 85), the lowest in some African countries (about 35). EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 doctorAncient herbs and minerals The profession of a doctor is very old. Ancient doctors used different herbs and minerals to prepare medicine - mixtures, ointments, drops.. Egyptianshygienereflexology massage on feet and hands opening the skull or dental surgery Egyptians stressed thorough hygiene and also invented reflexology (about 2,300 BC) which is a type of massage on feet and hands that helps energy to move in the body and unblocks tension. They also performed operations e.g. opening the skull or dental surgery. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 Chineseacupuncture Yin and Yang move Chinese method of treating patients acupuncture is thousands of years old as well and uses special points on the body to make the two forms of energy Yin and Yang move. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/ India plastic surgery eye operations In ancient India doctors used rather sophisticated tools to perform operations on people. There is evidence of plastic surgery or eye operations as early as about 400 BC. GreekHippocrates diet, exercise and rest. Greek scientist Hippocrates ( BC) is considered to be the father of medicine. He believed in the healing power of nature and stressed diet, exercise and rest.

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 Middle ages Middle ages were times of stagnation in medical science. Illnesses were considered as a gift or a punishment from the God. All the knowledge was concentrated in monasteries as only monks and priests could read and write. They studied and translated books of ancient and Arabic authors. Surgery was excluded from medicine as the body and blood were a taboo. Treating the ill was reduced to basic nursing. Hildegard of Bingen balneotherapy phytotheraphydietology Among outstanding healers of early middle ages a nun Hildegard of Bingen (*1098)should be mentioned. She studied and described natural methods of treatment using e. g. stones, water, plants, diet.. and thus she became a founder of modern balneotherapy, phytotheraphy, dietology. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 plagueBlack Death caused by fleas living on rats and brought to Europe from Asia In the 14 th century Europe was hit by a plague called the Black Death which was caused by fleas living on rats and brought to Europe from Asia by trading ships. About one in three people died of this disease. many recurrences There were many recurrences of the plague until the 18 th century - e.g. in 1665 in London when at least 68,000 people died. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 autopsy As surgery not to speak about autopsy was strictly disapproved by catholic church, knowledge of anatomy until Renaissance came only from ancient discoveries. Jan Jesenius public post-mortem examination 1600 Jan Jesenius ( ) a professor of surgery and anatomy (1594) and later rector of Wittenberg university (1617) was the first to perform the public post-mortem examination in Prague in one of the 27 noble men executed at Old Town Square in 1621 As a protestant he took an active part in the uprising against the rule of catholic House of Habsburg and was one of the 27 noble men executed at Old Town Square in EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 Later public post mortem examinations were performed not only as the source of information about the human body, but also as a sensational showTheatra anatomica Later public post mortem examinations were performed not only as the source of information about the human body, but also as a sensational show. All over Europe “Theatra anatomica“ appeared to entertain wealthy audience. EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/ Yet, it wasn´t until the 19 th century - the century of science and discoveries - when medical science made considerable progress.

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/ Použité zdroje: Blecha - AUTOR NEUVEDEN. [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: drobn%C3%A9-pe%C5%A1%C5%A5-vlas-47161/ Tanec smrti - AUTOR NEUVEDEN. [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: morbidn%C3%AD-mor-lid%C3%A / Hřbitov s lebkou – AUTOR NEUVEDEN. [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: morbidn%C3%AD-mor-lid%C3%A / Anatomie (muž) - AUTOR NEUVEDEN. [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: tv%C3%A1%C5%99-t%C4%9Blo-rty /

SPŠ stavební a Obchodní akademie, Kladno, Cyrila Boudy 2954 Anatomie (žena) – AUTOR NEUVEDEN. [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: %C4%8Dlov%C4%9Bk-tv%C3%A1%C5%99-t%C4%9Blo / Márnice (nohy) – AUTOR NEUVEDEN. [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: l%C3%A9ka%C5%99stv%C3%AD-m%C3%A1rnice-42544/ EU peníze školám CZ.1.07/1.5.00/