STRUCTURE OF THE EUCARIOTIC CELL 2014 Výukový materiál MB Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

 eukaryotic organisms:  plants  animals  fungi  they are both monocellular and multicellular EUCARYOTIC CELL

 larger and more complex than prokaryotic  evolutionarily much younger than the prokaryotic cell  differentiated nucleus  nuclear chromosomes  a big amount of membrane organelles EUCARYOTIC CELL

 it determines the form of cells  an important role by the cell division and differentiation  cell wall of fungi – of chitin  cell wall of plants – of cellulose  in the walls of plant cells there are plasmodesmata = communication channels CELL WALL

MEMBRANE ORGANELLES  specialized for various functions  nucleus  endoplasmic reticulum  Golgi system  lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles  mitochondria and plastids  every time closed utricles  flat utricles = tanks

 nucleus  the largest and the most marked formation  double membrane  nuclear membrane contains nuclear pores => substance exchange (metabolism)  the main content of the nucleus are chromosomes  control centre of the cell MEMBRANE ORGANELLES

NUCLEOLUS  nucleolus  inside the nucleus  a membrane organelle  one or more round nucleoli  ribosomal RNA + proteins are produced here

RIBOSOMES  non-membrane organelle  loosely in the cytoplasm  or can be bound to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum  30 nm  the ribosome consists of:  two subunits  rRNA + proteins  function:  synthesis of proteins by the process called translation

PLASMA MEMBRANE  7 nm  it does not contain the elements of the respiratory chain  proteins do not participate in the active transfer of ions and nutrients through the membrane > ATP  electric potential - 0,1 V  phagocytosis – absorption of particles from outside

MOLEKULE OF A PHOSPHOLIPID AND STRUCTURE OF THE PLASMIC MEMBRANE

 KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN  CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN  ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN  ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797 s. ISBN  JELÍNEK, Jan, Vladimír ZICHÁČEK a Miroslav ŠVÁTORA. Biologie pro gymnázia: teoretická a praktická část. 2. dopl. a rozš. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 1998, 551 s. ISBN SOURCES