© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1 Inter-VLAN Routing LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 6.

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Transkript prezentace:

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1 Inter-VLAN Routing LAN Switching and Wireless – Chapter 6

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2 Objectives  How network traffic is routed between VLANs  Configuring inter-VLAN routing  Troubleshooting inter-VLAN connectivity issues

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3 Objectives Dnes 1)Prezentace 3e_06_inter-vlan_routing 2)Na začátku prezentace 3)Písemka 3e 06 InterVLAN.doc 4)ENetwork PT Practice SBA Příště 1)Final Exam a)Feedback b)On-line test c)Písemka d)Praktická úloha 2)Výhled do dalšího semestru - pololetí

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 4 Basic Configuration of VLANS, Switchports and InterVLAN Routing

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 5 Routing Between VLANs  Traditional routing between VLANs Dříve: Pro každou VLAN připojenou k routeru musela být samostatná linka a samostatné rozhraní (= fyzický konektor) na routeru. Tj. tolik konektorů, kolik VLAN. Vzhledem k tomu, že router nemá moc ethernetových rozhraní, tak je to docela problém.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 6  Subinterfaces in inter-VLAN routing: Router-on-a-Stick Routing Between VLANs Nyní: Router-on-a-Stick = Router na klacku. Všechny VLAN jsou k routeru připojené jedinou linkou přes jediný konektor a přes jediné rozhraní. Toto rozhraní je logicky rozděleno na tolik podrozhraní (subinterfaces), kolik je VLAN.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 7 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing  Configuring traditional inter-VLAN routing Dříve: Pro každou VLAN bylo nutno použít a konfigurovat samostatné rozhraní = fyzický konektor na routeru.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 8 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing  Configuring inter-VLAN routing with Router-on-a-Stick Nyní: Pro každou VLAN založíme jeden subinterface, dáme mu IP adresu, nastavíme encapsulation a pak celý interface se všemi jeho subinterfaces najednou zapneme. Tady vidíme, jak interface i všechny subinterfaces změnily „state to up“.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 9 Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing  Physical Interface and Subinterface Comparison

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 10 Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues  Switch configuration Issues PC1 a F0/0 na R1 jsou v té samé podsíti (dobře). PC1 na F0/11 je ve VLAN10, zatímco F0/4 na S1 zůstal v Default VLAN (špatně). Proto PC1 nemá přístup na R1 a nemůže být směrován do jiných sítí. Řešení: Příkaz switchport access vlan 10 na F0/4 na S1.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 11 Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues  Switch configuration Issues F0/5 na S1 jsme zapomněli konfigurovat jako trunk. Proto subinterfaces na R1 nejsou schopny komunikovat s S1 a směrování mezi VLAN nefunguje. Řešení: Příkaz switchport mode trunk na F0/5.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 12  Router configuration issues Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues Subinterface F0/0.10 byl omylem nakonfigurován pro VLAN 100 místo VLAN 10. Proto PC1 ani jiné z VLAN10 se nedostanou na R1 a nemohou se dostat do jiných sítí. Řešení: Příkaz encapsulation dot1q 10 na F0/0.10.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13  IP Addressing Issues Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues Interface F0/0 má špatnou IP adresu: místo Proto PC1 se nikdy nedostane na R1 a nebude mít spojení s ostatními VLAN. Řešení: Příkaz ip address na F0/0

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14  IP Addressing Issues Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues PC1 má špatnou IP adresu: místo Proto PC1 se nikdy nedostane na R1 a nebude mít spojení s ostatními VLAN. Řešení: IP adresu PC1 nastavit na

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15  IP Addressing Issues Troubleshooting Inter-VLAN Connectivity Issues PC1 má špatnou masku podsítě:..../16 místo..../24. Proto si PC1 myslí, že je PC1 ve stejné podsíti jako PC3 s adresou PC1 při pokusu o spojení s PC3 nepošle svůj paket na R1, protože si myslí, že se jedná o spojení v rámci jedné podsítě.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16 Summary  Inter-VLAN routing = routing information between VLANs. Requires a router or a layer 3 switch.  Traditional inter-VLAN routing Requires multiple router interfaces that are each connected to separate VLANs  Router on a stick Uses router sub interfaces connected to a layer 2 switch Each Subinterface must be configured with: IP address Associated VLAN number

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 17 Summary  Configuration of inter VLAN routing – Configure switch ports connected to router with correct VLAN – Configure each router subinterface with the correct IP address & VLAN ID

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18