Writing commas Autor: Pavel Vágai Autor: Pavel Vágai Střední škola pedagogická, hotelnictví a služeb, Litoměřice, příspěvková organizace 412 01 Litoměřice, Komenského 3 Autor: Pavel Vágai Autor: Pavel Vágai 1

Cílová skupina: žáci středních škol Vzdělávací obor:  anglický jazyk Tematický okruh: Název: Writing commas Jméno autora: Mgr. Pavel Vágai Vytvořeno dne: 1.pololetí školního roku 2013/2014 Anotace: Prezentace je určena pro žáky středních škol, seznamuje se základními pravidly psaní interpunkce v anglickém textu. Prezentace obsahuje cvičení s klíčem. Klíčová slova: writing, writing rules, comma, punctuation Metodický popis: prezentace

Writing commas Remember: follow rules when using commas not all sentences need a comma ignoring commas may indicate carelessness or confuse the reader 3

Writing commas Use commas to separate words and word groups: e.g. We grow organic apples, pears, apricots, and cherries. Use a comma to separate two adjectives when the word and can be inserted between them: e.g. It is a nice, airy orchand. 4

Writing commas Use a comma when an -ly adjective is used with other adjectives. e.g. We have got lovely, juicy blackberries as well. Use commas to set off expressions that interrupt sentence flow. e.g. It is, as you can see, a very slow process. 5

Writing commas When starting a sentence with a weak clause, use a comma after it. e.g. If the storm came, the farmers would have to continue picking. Use a comma after phrases of more than three words that begin a sentence. e.g. For some reason, bees seem to enjoy pollinating these trees more than the flowers. 6

Writing commas Use a comma to separate non-defining relative clause: e.g. Apples, grown all around here, present the main source of income for us. Use a comma to separate two strong clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction--and, or, but, for, nor. e.g. We specialize in juice production, but we prefer selling fresh fruits. 7

Writing commas Use commas to introduce or interrupt direct quotations: e.g. He said: „Sustainable development is the matter here.“ Use a comma to separate a statement from a question: e.g. It tastes great, doesn't it? 8

Writing commas Use a comma to separate contrasting parts of a sentence. e.g. We all want good food, not only you. Use a comma when beginning sentences with introductory words such as well, now, or yes. e.g. Well, money is what matters to most of us. 9

Writing commas Use a comma to separate the city from the state and after the state in a document. e.g. We started on a farm in Seattle, Washington, twenty years ago. Use commas to surround degrees or titles used with names. e.g. Joe Pear, PhD., is in charge of the soil here. 10

Writing commas Use commas before or surrounding the name or title of a person directly addressed. e.g. Would you, Doctor, show us around the garden? Use a comma to separate the day of the month from the year and after the year. e.g. This tree was bought on April 28, 1980, in the Giant Mountains. 11

Quiz Insert a comma where necessary: 1. People who believe in sustaiable development recently held a meeting in Washington. 2. The oldest apple here “Blue Note” is one of my favourites. 3. Those trees has been here for a century or more but they keep blooming every single summer. 4. These letters were send to Mr. Gerhan M.A. on August 16 1956. 5. When these trees were planted we bought our first bees. 12

Quiz - key 1. People, who believe in sustaiable development, recently held a meeting in Washington. 2. The oldest apple here ,“Blue Note”, is one of my favourites. 3. Those trees has been here for a century, but they keep blooming every single summer. 4. These letters were send to Mr. Gerhan, M.A., on August 16, 1956. 5. When these trees were planted, we bought our first bees. 13

Source http://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/commas.asp Rules adapted on September 16, 2013, from: http://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/commas.asp 14