Trend Ing. Jaroslav Bernkopf

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Objectives Cause and Effect Rise and Fall Understand a song http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Vocabulary English Czech battery keep, kept, kept blow lamp cause make, made, made change moon create nasty current output decrease pressure die produce downwards rage earthquake rise, rose, risen effect river fall, fell, fallen ruin fear strain force stress generate temperature glow upwards hurricane voltage increase wage input it is bound to http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Cause and Effect Stress causes strain. http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Cause and Effect Stress causes strain. Mechanické napětí Poměrné prodloužení http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Cause and Effect The voltage causes a current. http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Cause and Effect Stress and Strain http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6gu7bzvMqQ http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Cause and Effect During testing of a material sample, the stress-strain curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between stress, derived from measuring the load applied on the sample, and strain, derived from measuring the deformation of the sample, i.e. elongation, compression, or distortion. The nature of the curve varies from material to material. The following diagrams illustrate the stress-strain behavior of typical materials in terms of the engineering stress and engineering strain where the stress and strain are calculated based on the original dimensions of the sample and not the instantaneous values. Steel generally exhibits a very linear stress-strain relationship up to a well defined yield point. The linear portion of the curve is the elastic region and the slope is the modulus of elasticity or Young's Modulus. After the yield point, the curve typically decreases slightly because of dislocations escaping from Cottrell atmospheres. As deformation continues, the stress increases on account of strain hardening until it reaches the ultimate strength. Until this point, the cross-sectional area decreases uniformly because of Poisson contractions. The actual rupture point is in the same vertical line as the visual rupture point. However, beyond this point a neck forms where the local cross-sectional area decreases more quickly than the rest of the sample resulting in an increase in the true stress. On an engineering stress-strain curve this is seen as a decrease in the stress. Conversely, if the curve is plotted in terms of true stress and true strain the stress will continue to rise until failure. Eventually the neck becomes unstable and the specimen ruptures (fractures). http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

An increase in input causes a decrease in output. Trend Cause and Effect An increase in input causes a decrease in output. 1mV 10V A small change makes a big change. http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Cause and Effect A small change makes causes generates produces creates forces a big change . http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Rise and Fall The voltage keeps rising. The voltage is starting to fall. The voltage is decreasing. The voltage is falling. The voltage is increasing. The voltage is rising. The voltage is starting to rise. The voltage keeps falling. http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Rise and Fall The voltage is increasing. The voltage is rising. The voltage is going upwards. http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Rise and Fall The voltage is decreasing. The voltage is falling. The voltage is going downwards. http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Rise and Fall The voltage pressure current strain wage temperature is rising increasing going upwards falling decreasing going downwards . http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Rise and Fall The voltage pressure current strain wage temperature is starting to rise increase go upwards fall decrease go downwards . http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Rise and Fall The voltage pressure current strain wage temperature keeps rising increasing going upwards falling decreasing going downwards . http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Bad Moon Rising Johnny Cash Show: Creedence Clearwater Revival - Bad Moon Rising http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqjBH6MQluc http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Bad Moon Rising Creedence Clearwater Revival - Bad Moon Rising I see the bad moon rising. I see trouble on the way. I see earthquakes and lightnin'. I see bad times today. Don't go around tonight, Well, it's bound to take your life, There's a bad moon on the rise. I hear hurricanes ablowing. I know the end is coming soon. I fear rivers over flowing. I hear the voice of rage and ruin. Hope you got your things together. Hope you are quite prepared to die. Looks like we're in for nasty weather. One eye is taken for an eye. http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Bad Moon Rising I see the bad moon arising. I see trouble on the way. I see earthquakes and lightnin'. I see bad times today. Don't go around tonight, Well, it's bound to take your life, There's a bad moon on the rise. I hear hurricanes ablowing. I know the end is coming soon. I fear rivers over flowing. I hear the voice of rage and ruin. Don't go around tonight, Well, it's bound to take your life, There's a bad moon on the rise. All right! Hope you got your things together. Hope you are quite prepared to die. Looks like we're in for nasty weather. One eye is taken for an eye. Don't go around tonight, Well, it's bound to take your life, There's a bad moon on the rise. Don't go around tonight, Well, it's bound to take your life, There's a bad moon on the rise. http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Test The voltage is starting to .............................. padat The pressure ........... .................................... to rise. začíná The pressure goes ................................. dolů The voltage ........................ a current. způsobuje A small ............................ makes a big change. změna An .......................... in input causes a decrease in output. zvýšení I see the bad moon .............................. stoupající I see ...................... on the way. malér causes; increase; rising; trouble; is starting; change; downwards; fall 8x2 http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Electrical Laws Q & A Thank you. Questions? http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Container achieve the desired input resistance - dosáhnout požadovaného vstupního odporu affect the input resistance - ovlivnit vstupní odpor amplifier reacts lazily – zesilovač reaguje líně capacitor is charging, discharging - kondenzátor se nabíjí, vybíjí capacitor is totally discharged - kondenzátor je úplně vybitý current flowing through the resistor - proud tekoucí rezistorem from above to below - shora dolů let the frequency become lower − ať se kmitočet sníží should start moving – měl by se začít pohybovat stops moving – přestává se pohybovat switching level – rozhodovací úroveň  − kmitočet je nižší a nižší the node keeps the same potential - uzel si drží ten samý potenciál the output voltage will reach 10 V − výstupní napětí dosáhne 10 V the voltage charges the capacitor − napětí nabíjí kondenzátor transit from one level to the other – přejít z jedné úrovně do druhé voltage crosses the zero level - napětí prochází přes nulovou úroveň voltage doesn‘t change - napětí se nemění voltage reaches zero - napětí dosáhne nuly voltage remains steady - napětí zůstává stabilní http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Container the higher the current, the higher the voltage the higher the frequency, the lower the voltage The higher this resistance, the higher the gain. the lower the frequency, the lower the voltage  we keep raising the base current let‘s change the voltage to http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz

http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz Trend Container the frequency becomes lower and lower the frequency decreases by a factor of 10  the frequency increases by a factor of 10  the gain decreases by a factor of 10  the gain falls off at 20 dB per decade  Stoupá, klesá, je stabilní, kolísá Stačí, nestačí Nastavit, zvýšit, snížit, vynulovat Zahřívá se, chladne Blíží se, vzdaluje http://skola.bernkopf.cz jaroslav@bernkopf.cz