Literature:introduction Mgr. Petr Kalus

ANOTACE Kód DUMu: VY_32_INOVACE_4. AJ.01 Číslo projektu: CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0114 Vytvořeno: únor 2013 Ročník: 3. ročník a 4. ročník – čtyřleté gymnázium (RVP-G), Septima a Oktáva – osmileté gymnázium (RVP-G) Anotace: Vzdělávací oblast Jazyk a jazyková komunikace Vzdělávací obor Anglický jazyk Tematický okruh Literature: introduction Tento materiál byl vytvořen jako osnova pro maturitní okruh: Literature :introduction na Gymnáziu a JŠ Svitavy na několik tematicky propojených hodin (pro výklad i opakování – shrnutí učiva). Obsahuje přehled faktografických údajů doplněný o sadu otázek zjišťujících porozumění probranému učivu. Je primárně zaměřen na dva poslední ročníky gymnázia, i přesto se dá využít i v nižších ročnících osmiletého i čtyřletého studia vcelku nebo jeho jednotlivé části. Pomůcky: interaktivní tabule

Literature What is literature? plurality of various opinions broad definition: everything that has been written down in some form narrow definition: main features of literary texts: fictionality (imaginary events), specialised language (rhetorical devices, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, euphemism, etc.), ambiguity (hidden meanings)

Literature and its function Literature enables readers to travel in space and time, learn about different cultures or perceive other people’s ideas and feelings. The principal function: EEE educate evoke emotions (positive, negative) entertain

Genres of literature Fiction stories about imaginary or unreal characters, settings, plots … narrative literary works as a result of the author’s imagination, made-up stories a mixture of real and unreal: Walter Scott and his historical novels: authentic historical settings and figures, but having fictitious conversations prose fiction, poetry, drama Nonfiction books dealing with real and authentic events, not imaginary based on real facts Many types: biography autobiography essays history, documentary, scientific texts how-to-do books (manuals, cookery books)

Key terminology NARRATOR SETTING STORY PLOT MOTIF CHARACTERS THEME

Selected subgenres of prose fiction: Prose: about imaginary events, written in ordinary language rather than in verse Selected subgenres of prose fiction: Novel: many characters, complex plot, often about everyday life (historical novel, social novel, gothic novel, bildungsroman, spy, detective, adventure ….) Science fiction: aliens, supernatural worlds, altered reality Romance: idealised heroes, remote settings, improbable adventures Folk tales: fairy tales (unlikely events,happy endings, supernatural), animal tales (animals with human traits, often including moral-fables), tall tales: exaggerated events Myths: about the life of gods or goddesses Other genres: short stories, legends etc.

Poetry writing in the form of verse with some rhythm a rhythmical composition the sounds and rhythm of words are emphasized and some pattern is created concept of repetition evokes an emotional response from readers ballads and sonnets = poetry to be sung

Drama unlike poetry or prose, drama is written with the aim of being performed on stage multi-sensory experience: music, sound effects, stage props, lighting the same dramatic text perceived differently by different directors: audience presented with varying versions of the same play – costumes, director’s interpretation, make-up artists, etc.

Drama Tragedy usually ends unhappily disaster or death of a major character Comedy deals with lighter side of life pokes fun at people can be witty, wise, silly, ridiculous optimistic or ironic ending

Reasons for reading People’s taste in literature differs to a great extent. Different people read for different reasons. relaxation education (reading improves vocabulary, writing skills, presenting ideas in good language) escape from the real world gaining experience from others boosting imagination and creativity encouraging thirst for knowledge reading enables us to visit new places and meet new people

Answer the following questions in detail: Self-check Answer the following questions in detail: What are the two definitions of literature? What are the two main genres of literature? How do they differ? Explain and give some examples. What is prose fiction? Can you name and briefly describe some subgenres of prose fiction. How do poetry and drama differ from prose? Why do people read?

Zdroje a literatura SMITH-DLUHÁ, Gabrielle. Angličtina Otázky a Odpovědi. Dubicko: Infoa, 2008, ISBN 978-80-7240-489-6. VINCE, Michael. FCE Language Practice. Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2003, ISBN 1-4005-00765-6. EL-HMOUDOVÁ, Dagmar. Angličtina Maturitní Témata. Třebíč: Petra Velanová, 2006, ISBN 978-80-86873-04-6. SMITH-DLUHÁ, Gabrielle. Anglicko-česká maturitní témata. Dubicko: Infoa, 2002, ISBN 80-7240-082-7. BENNET, Andrew; ROYLE, Nicholas. An Introduction to Literature, Critisism, Theory. London: Pearson, 2009, ISBN 1405859148. Veškeré použité obrázky pocházejí z otevřené galerie Microsoft Office Powerpoint (verze 2010).