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ZveřejnilIveta Štěpánková
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2014 Výukový materiál GE 02 - 47 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR CHROMOSOMES
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genetic information is concentrated mainly in the nucleus on chromosomes number and shape are typical for each biological species – see the table CHROMOSOMES
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TABLE
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eukaryotes are diploid organisms they have got 2 chromosome sets in the nucleus of body cell one set comes from female sexual cell = maternal origin the other set comes from male sexual cell = paternal origin chromosome number in a set => symbol n CHROMOSOMES
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in the nucleus: 1) heterochromosomes – pair of sexual chromosomes 2) autosomes => two and two fully identical – homologous, pair chromosomes chromosomes of one pair have the same shape, size and the same genes they may not have the same forms of expressing genes– alleles CHROMOSOMES
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genes are placed on chromosomes linearly behind each other each gene has its specific place = gene locus CHROMOSOMES
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exact picture of chromosomes in nucleus of the individual= karyotype by all individuals of the same species identical declination determined by the sex CHROMOSOMES
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metaphasal chromosome is formed by: two daughter chromatids chromatids connected with e centromere chromosomal arms according to placing the centromere there are described chromosomes: metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric and telocentric CHROMOSOMES
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formation of karyotype is complicated after blood collection of a sample > alteration and cultivation in vitro dividing white blood cells stop in metaphase when chromosomes are best observable then they are fixed, coloured and photographed by analysis is to realize: number and morphology of chromosomes if the individual is not the bearer of mutation CHROMOSOMES
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DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
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CHALUPOVÁ-KARLOVSKÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie: středoškolská učebnice : evoluce, biologie buňky, genetika : s 558 řešenými testovými otázkami. 2., opr. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, 206 s. ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0 SOURCES
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