AIRCRAFT AND ITS PARTS CAPT. STANISLAV HOFMAN UO BRNO 2015.

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1 AIRCRAFT AND ITS PARTS CAPT. STANISLAV HOFMAN UO BRNO 2015

2 Aircraft dividing Lightier than air - is characterized by one or more large gasbags, - filled with a low-density gas such as helium, hydrogen or hot air - Hot-air balloons - Airship (zeppelin) Heavier than air - need to produce aerodynamical force for their motion in the air - Airplanes - fixed wing aircraft - Helicopter, Chopper - with rotor

3 Aerodynamic forces

4 Thrust- create by power of engine Drag- depends on airplane shape, resists against motion Lift- create due to pressure balance on the wing Weight- caused by gravity

5 Aircraft purpose Trainer Transport aircraft Combat – tanker, bomber, military helicopter, fighter Medical – helicopter Sport – ultralight, glider, paraglide Speeds of aircraft Subsonic....... IAS<1 Mach level Transonic...... IAS = 1 Mach level Supersonic.... IAS>1 Mach level Hypersonic….IAS>5 Mach level

6 Example of military purpose FIGHTER – used to fight other aircraft in the air BOMBER – drops bombs GROUND ATTACK – attacks targets on the ground TRANSPORT– used to carry large quantities of supplies or people TRAINER – to learn student pilots to fly TANKER – used to refuel other aircraft in the air HELICOPTER– a vertical take-off aircraft, ground support

7 High-wing, mid-wing, low-wing aircraft Single, twin, triple or multiple - engined aircraft Monoplane, biplane, triplane etc.

8 Aircraft structure 1) Wings 2) Fuselage 3) Power unit 4) Landing gear 5) Control surfaces

9 1) Wings Designed to generate lift Starboard wing/port wing Leading edge/ trailing edge Control surfaces - WINGS-Ailerons - VERT.STAB.-Rudder - HORIZ.STAB.-Elevators

10 2) Fuselage Cockpit,windshield Portholes Passenger cabin Cargo (baggage) compartment Seats, overhead compartment Toilets, galley,wardrobe Technical compartment Empennage, tail unit Exits

11 3) Power unit Turboprop engine Jet engine

12 3) Power unit On the wings On the wing pylons Rear mounted Close to the fuselage

13 4) Landing gear Fixed/retractable Nose gear Right and left main gear Tail wheel undercarriage bay undercarriage door undercarriage leg tires Retracting mechanism Shock absorbers

14 5) Control surfaces

15 Airliner - dopravní letadlo Act - působit Aircraft- letadlo Airplane - letoun Drag- odpor Lift - vztlak Thrust - tah Weight - tíha Aileron- křidélko Elevator - vyškové kormidlo Rudder - směrové kormidlo Fin - kýlová plocha Vertical stabilizer - Svislá stabilizační plocha Horizontal stabilizer - Vodorovná stabilizační plocha Fuselage - trup Bomber - bombardovací letoun Fighter - stíhací letoun Trainer - cvičný letoun Porthole - okénko Baggage compartement - zavazadlový prostor Cargo compartment - nákladový prostor Spar - nosník

16 Subsonic - podzvuková Transonic- těsně podzvuková Supersonic - nadzvuková Hypersonic- vysoce nadzvuková Starboard wing - pravé křídlo Port wing - levé křídlo Landing gear - podvozek Undercarriadge - podvozek Undercarriadge bay - podvozková gondola Undercarriadge door - podvozková dvířka Undercarriedge leg - podvozková noha Control stick- řídící páka Rolling or Banking- klonění Yawing - zatáčení Pitching - klopení Climbing - stoupání Diving or Descending - klesání

17 Thank you for your attention! QUESTIONS?