Tercie 2014 Výukový materiál GE 02 - 41 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších.

Prezentace na téma: "Tercie 2014 Výukový materiál GE 02 - 41 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších."— Transkript prezentace:

1 tercie 2014 Výukový materiál GE 02 - 41 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

2  genetics:  the science of heredity and variation of organisms  heredity :  it enables to maintain the characteristics of organisms  variability:  ability of organisms to change their properties  > it enables adaptation RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

3  gene = endowment:  information about the formation of certain features of organisms  allele:  concrete form of a gene  e.g.:  1. allele carries information for making a colour> red colour  2. allele carries information for non-making a colour> white colour RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

4  gene can have 1, 2 nor more alleles  in a diploid cell there are always 2 alleles of a particular gene:  alleles are identical = homozygote AA  alleles are different = heterozygote Aa RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

5  relations between alleles:  1. complete dominance a recessivity  dominant allele completely suppresses the expression of recessive alleles  e.g.:  allele A determines the red colour of a flower  allele a white colour  individual with genotype Aa will be red RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

6  2. incomplete dominance and recessivity  dominant allele does not fully suppress the expression of the recessive allele  recessive allele expressers itself partially  both alleles participate in creating a character, usually in a different mass  individual with a heterozygous genotype is different from both homozygotes  e.g.:  allele A determines red colour of flower  allele a determines white colour of flower  individual with the genotype Aa will be pink RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

7  codominance:  each of dominant alleles in heterozygous combination will result in full mass  they do not influence each other  heterozygous genotype affects both alleles are side by side without mutual repress  e.g.:  blood groups of the AB0 system RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

8  marking used in genetics:  parental generation (P)  direct descendants = first filial generation (F1)  next generation = second filial generation (F2, F3,..) RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

9 AA aa Aa 1. complete dominance and recessivity 2. incomplete dominance and recessivity AA aa Aa RELATIONS AMONGS ALLELES

10 DESCRIBE THE PICTURE AND CHARACTERIZE RELATIONS AMONG ALLELES WORKSHEET

11  HANČOVÁ, Hana. Biologie v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 2. vyd. Havlíčkův Brod: Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN 80-720- 0340-2.  DOBRORUKA, Luděk J. Přírodopis: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2000, 159 s. ISBN 80-718-3167-0. WORKSHEET