2014 CELL DIVISION Výukový materiál MB 04 - 94 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem.

Prezentace na téma: "2014 CELL DIVISION Výukový materiál MB 04 - 94 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem."— Transkript prezentace:

1 2014 CELL DIVISION Výukový materiál MB 04 - 94 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

2  entire cell = zygote  zygote divides repeatedly  developed cell differentiates > tissues > organs> organisms CELL DIVISION

3  cells reproduce by division  division is anticipated by chromosome division = replication of DNA PROKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION

4 CELL CYCLE  the life period of the cell from its origin up to the development of daughter cells  the cell stops dividing > it accomplishes specific functions  liver cell divides once a year  neuron never divides  the most cells of human body undergo about 50 divisions and then they die

5  cell cycle - 2 main phases: 1) cell division a) nuclear division: mitosis or meiosis b) cell division 2) interphase  90% of whole cell cycle  the cell grows up  in the nucleus there is chromatin > replication of DNA  interphase: G 1, S, G 2 phase CELL CYCLE

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7 1. replication of DNA 2. cell division  cell cycle:  sequence of processes from the first to the second division PROKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION

8 REGULATION OF CELL CYCLE

9  there are three of them: in the phases G1, G2, M  cells of mammals – the point in the G1 phase is obviously the most important  if the cell does not receive the signal „Ahead“ in G1 phase, it can get into G 0 phase.  the most cells of our body are in this phase CHECKPOINTS

10 INTERPHASE  G1 phase  metabolic activity  by the isolation of the daughter cell  the cell grows up  synthesis of RNA and proteins  main control nodal point  S phase synthetic  replications of DNA proceeds here:  DNA replicates up to double amount > chromosome is doubled since then:  created by a pair of sister chromatids  the cell is actually tetraploid

11 INTERPHASE  G2 phase  relatively short  metabolic activity  the cell grows up rapidly  reduplication of organelles  formation of structures necessary for the cell division

12 INTERPHASE G0 phase G0 phase  the phase when the cell does not divide any more  ending of the cell cycle  by differentiated cells  the beginning is influenced by the control  the beginning is influenced by the control nodal point  placed in the beginning G1 phase  fully differentiated cells (e.g.. neurons) do not divide any more  on the contrary e.g. liver cells - hepatocytes are able to go from G0 phase do G1 phase to start dividing again in the case of need

13 REGULATION OF THE CELL CYCLE  it proceeds through specific compounds  either stimulated and accelerated by the division (growth hormones, cytokinins)  or, on the contrary, they inhibit, stop (lack of nutrients, cytostatics)  all regulators influence the division in G1 phase = main control nodal point

14 Try to fill in the picture

15  KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN 80-7168-714-6.  CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0.  ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN 80-86960-15-3.  ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797 s. ISBN 80-718-3268-5.  JELÍNEK, Jan, Vladimír ZICHÁČEK a Miroslav ŠVÁTORA. Biologie pro gymnázia: teoretická a praktická část. 2. dopl. a rozš. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 1998, 551 s. ISBN 80-718-2050-4 SOURCES