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2014 CELL DIVISION - MITOSIS Výukový materiál MB 04 - 95 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
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from one mother cell origin two daughter cells in the nucleus – the same number of chromosomes as in the mother cell mitosis ensures: growth of the organism substitution of damaged cells MITOSIS
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PHASES OF THE CELL CYCLE: M = MITOSIS continuous, unbroken process from 2n again 2n => from diploid again diploid it consists of 4 phases: prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
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in the nucleus there appear chromosomes spiralization + condensation of DNA threads „S“ phase is finished far-off chromosomes are doubled > from 2 sister chromatids connected by a centromere nuclear coverings fall apart nucleolus disappears dividing spindle originates (from microtubules) PROPHASE
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chromosomes best observable chromosomes join in the place of the centromere to the threads of the dividing spindle chromosomes concentrate in the equatorial plane so called metaphasal plate METAPHASE
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synthesis (replication) of DNA DNA chromosome 1 chromatid = 1 molecule DNA HOW MANY CHROMOSEMES HAS A CHROMATID?
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connection between sister chromosomes interrupts separation of chromosomes in centromeres complete division of sister chromatids daughter chromosomes develop Shortening of microtubules of the division spindle chromosomes travel to the poles of the cell ANAPHASE
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death of division spindle both new nuclei the same number of chromosomes despiralization (decondensation) of chromosomes renewal of nuclear coverings and nucleolus the beginning of cytokinesis TELOPHASE
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CELL DIVISION = CYTOKINESIS it proceeds differently by the plant and animal cells animal cells: they divide by means of strangeling from the surface to the centre > microfilaments under the surface plant cells: they divide by means of growth the cell partition from the centre to the surface, in the middle there is a big plate
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PROPHASEMETAPHASEANAPHASE TELOPHASE MITOSIS
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DESCRIBE THE PHASE AND ORGANIZE ACCORDING TO THE ORDER MITOSIS
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THE SCHEME OF MIOTIC DIVISION
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DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
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1 2 3 4 56 MITOSIS – PUT THE PICTURES IN THE ORDER
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SOURCES CHALUPOVÁ-KARLOVSKÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie: středoškolská učebnice : evoluce, biologie buňky, genetika : s 558 řešenými testovými otázkami. 2., opr. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, 206 s. ISBN 978-807-1822-820 KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie: úvodní učební text biologie pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 3. upr. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, c2000, 103 s. ISBN 80- 716-8714-6. ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk: základy cytologie, bakteriologie, virologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2006, 160 s. ISBN 80-869-6015-3
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