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ZveřejnilLuboš Bezucha
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2014 BACTERIA AND ALGAE Výukový materiál MB 04 - 99 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
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STRUCTURE OF BACTERIAL CELL
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spherical shape = cocci diplococci chains – streptococci grape-like formations (clusters) – staphylococci stick-shaped form– sticks bacilli: stick-shaped bacteria the have got spores inside resistant against adverse influences SHAPES OF BACTERIA
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DESCRIBE SHAPES OF BACTERIA
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loosely placed only one DNA circular DNA = one chromosome = nucleoid it carries about 3.500 genes nucleoid attached to the cytoplasmic membrane in 2 places STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA - DNA
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asexually > transversal binary division 1. one circular DNA duplicates 2. 2 identic copies originate 3. the cell grows 4. plasmatic membrane infolds 5. division of mother cell into two daughter cells the same genetic information REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA
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TRANSVERSE DIVISION
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DESCRIBE THE PICTURE
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bacteria have lived on the Earth for 3,5 billion years in the soil, water, air, in bodies of animals and plants they need energy and a source of carbon: phototrophic bacteria: they use the solar energy chemotrophic: they gain the energy from the oxidation of chemical substances autotrophic: source of carbon from CO 2 heterotrophic: source of carbon from organic substances NUTRITION
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1 ) phototrophic bacteria they use solar energy photosynthesis >> the source of hydrogen is not the water but hydrogen sulphide or directly molecular hydrogen!! they never release oxygen like green plants and algae photo-autotrophic bacteria : as the source of carbon is used carbon dioxide photo-heterotrophic bacteria : as the source of carbon is used organic substances CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA ACCORDING TO METABOLISM
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2) chemo-trophic bacteria : they gain energy from oxidation of organic or inorganic substances a) chemo-autotrophic bacteria: oxidation of inorganic substances b) chemo-heterotrophic bacteria: oxidation of organic substances – fermentation or respiration most common!!! saprophytic bacteria > they mineralize organic substances Into inorganic accompanied by release of heat parasitic bacteria CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA ACCORDING TO METABOLISM
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1) aerobic bacteria: they use aerobic oxygen 2) anaerobic bacteria: without air oxygen they gain energy from fermentation of organic substances, especially glucose = glycolysis Lactobacillus bulgaricus it ferments lactose into pyroracemid acid > further into lactic acid importance in dairy industry CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA ACCORDING TO OXYGEN
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obligatory anaerobic bacteria: they permanently live without air oxygen oxygen is for them poisonous facultatively anaerobic: they can live with or without oxygen CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA ACCORDING TO OXYGEN
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JELÍNEK, Jan a Vladimír ZICHÁČEK. Biologie pro gymnázia: teoretická a praktická část. 2. dopl. a rozš. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 1998. ISBN 80-718-2050-4 KUBIŠTA, Václav. Obecná biologie. Praha: Fortuna, 2000, ISBN 80-7168-714-6. CHALUPOVÁ - KARLOVÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0. ZÁVODSKÁ, Radka. Biologie buněk. Praha: Scientia, 2006, ISBN 80-86960-15- 3. ROSYPAL, Stanislav. Nový přehled biologie. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2003, 797 s. ISBN 80-718-3268-5 SOURCES
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