CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS

Prezentace na téma: "CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS"— Transkript prezentace:

1 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
Výukový materiál GE Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014

2 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
chromosomal aberations they do not change genes like that they change the structure of chromosomes change in the extension of hundred genes they can be observed by light microscope significantly bigger extension of phenotypical changes breaking of chromosome occur obrázek v učebnici

3 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
they arise after: breaking of a chromosome breaking of a chromatid following reconnection or the loss of the broken section

4 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
deficiency – loss of the fragment between two breaks on the chromosome arm after short deletions can occur connection; so called chromosomal ring translocation = transpose of a chromosome part on another chromosome after break of the end sections of two different chromosomes and after reciprocal exchange – reciprocal translocation

5 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
deletion = loss of an internal chromosome part inversion= reverse of a chromosome section duplication = doubling of a chromosome part fragmentation = break-up of a chromosome into more parts

6 CHROMOSOMAL ABERATIONS

7 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
in contrast to gene mutations chromosomal mutations (aberrations) can be an obstacle in normal process of meiosis gametes are sterile zygotes not vital

8 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
in contrast to gene mutations chromosomal mutations can be an obstacle in normal process of cell division chromosome without a centromere cannot connect to the dividing spindle > it disappears

9 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
chromosomal mutations are an obstacle in normal process of meiotic division by meiosis it disables synapsis abnormal gametes arise after fertilization defect zygotes arise

10 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
chromosomal mutations arise relatively often it occurs at about 5 % zygotes arisen by fertilization of gametes carrying chromosomal mutations defect zygotes though mainly die at the beginning of embryonal development

11 WORKSHEET DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

12 WORKSHEET DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

13 SOURCES CHALUPOVÁ-KARLOVSKÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie: středoškolská učebnice : evoluce, biologie buňky, genetika : s 558 řešenými testovými otázkami. 2., opr. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, 206 s. ISBN