+ 0.5 + H 2 O + 0.5 IIIa IVa + H 2 O +, + + +, + H 2 O + + + 0.5 + + 2, + + 0.5 +H 2 O Va I II IV III VI V VII VIII IX X - H 2 O.

Prezentace na téma: "+ 0.5 + H 2 O + 0.5 IIIa IVa + H 2 O +, + + +, + H 2 O + + + 0.5 + + 2, + + 0.5 +H 2 O Va I II IV III VI V VII VIII IX X - H 2 O."— Transkript prezentace:

1 + 0.5 + H 2 O + 0.5 IIIa IVa + H 2 O +, + + +, + H 2 O + + + 0.5 + + 2, + + 0.5 +H 2 O Va I II IV III VI V VII VIII IX X - H 2 O

2 + 0.5 + + + + 2 H 2 - H 2 O + 0.5 + + + 2 - H 2 O PS, SAN, SB, ABS, SBR Xa Xb Xc XIIIe XIIIf XIIId XIIIc XIIIb XIIIa X XI XII XIII XIV

3 [I][I] (II) [IV] III VI (V) (VII) VIII [IX] X CR PVC PVF PAN PVAC, etc. + HCl + HF + HCN + CH 3 COOH + 2 HCHO OH(CH 2 ) 4 OH PBT + H 2 O CH 3 CHO see Fig. 4-5 + ROH P(vinyl ether)s + (CH 3 ) 2 CO IR + PVP + HCl

4 PP, EPDM PMP, LLDPE - CH 4 IR + O 2 - H 2 O PTT PAA + Cl 2 - HCl EP PPOX, etc. alkyds + 2-steps, oxidation by intermediary peroxide + Ca(OH) 2 - CaCl 2 - 2 H 2 O + HOCl + NaOH, - NaCl I II IV [III] VI V IVa Va Vb Vc VIa

5 NC(CH 2 ) 4 CN C 6 H 5 CH(CH 3 ) 2 H 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 NH 2 HOCH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 CHO + 0.5 O 2 + 1.5 O 2 + NH 3 - 3 H 2 O + C 6 H 6 + 1.5 O 2 + H 2 O VII VIII IX X XI (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH (CH 3 ) 2 CO - H 2 PMMA + 0.5 O 2, - H 2 O PC, PPSU + CO C 3 H 7 CHO PVB, CAB + HCHO (CH 3 ) 2 C(CH 2 OH) 2 UP, PUR, etc. PAN, SAN, ABS, NBR PA 66, PA 6 10, PA 6 12 IXa see fig. 4-11 V

6 + Cl 2 I II III CH 4 - H 2 + NH 3 HCN CH 3 Cl,CH 2 Cl 2, CHCl 3, CCl 4 CHF 2 Cl PTFE + Si (CH 3 ) 2 SiCl 2 silicones

7 + CO + various + 1,4 Ia II IV III VI V CH 3 OH - H 2 + 0.5, - H 2 O HCHO CH 3 COOH Ib - H 2 O + 0.5 O 2 + CO Use of methanol Use for polymer 35% 7% 3% 2% UF, PF, MF, POM PVAc, CA, PET PMMA PET PP PET, etc. EG + 4 H 2 - 2 CH 3 OH

8 I II IV III VI V VII VIII IX X POM HCHO UF, PF, MF + + H 2 O HOCH 2 COOH HOCH 2 CH 2 OH PET + - H 2 O PMAA, PMMA + CH 3 CHO C(CH 2 OH) 3 CHOHOCH 2 C(CH 2 OH) 3 PUR, alkyds + C 3 H 7 CHO C 2 H 5 C(CH 2 OH) 2 CHO C 2 H 5 C(CH 2 OH) 3 PUR, alkyds + HO(CH 2 ) 4 OH PBT, PUR VIIIa PTHF + PAA + IR

9 + HCN + Cl 2 I II IV III VI V BR, SBR, NBR, ABS + H 2 HOOC(CH 2 ) 10 COOH PA 6 12 IIa PA 12 IIb IIc, Eq. (4-25) TOR C 4 H 7 CN NC(CH 2 ) 4 CN H 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 NH 2 PA 66, PA 69, PA 6 10, PA 6 12 C 4 H 6 Cl 2 CR - HCl Va (a) + 2 AcOH, + 0.5 O 2, - H 2 O (b) + H 2, (c) + H 2 O, - 2 AcOH HO(CH 2 ) 4 OH PBT, PUR + PTHF Vb

10 + O 2 VII VIII IX - H 2  PTHF + EPDM PS, E/S, ABS + H 2 + O 2 - H 2 O

11 I II IV III V PIB + 2 HCHO - HCHO - H 2 O IR + H 2 O (CH 3 ) 3 COH PMAA, PMMA PMAN comonomer see Eq. (4-27)

12 I II III + C 2 H 4 PS, SAN, ABS, SBR, UP Ia - H 2 O + 4.5 O 2 - 2 CO 2, - 2 H 2 O UP, alkyds + HCl, + 0.5 O 2 - H 2 O see section 4.7.3 IIIa see Fig. 4-12

13 IV VI V + 3 H 2 see Section 4.8 see Fig. 4-12 PUR - (CH 3 ) 2 CO MDI + 3 H 2 - 3 H 2 O - H 2 O + HNO 3 + C 3 H 6

14 + n CH 3 OH + NH 3 I II IV III V PF, EP + (CH 3 ) 2 CO PC, EP, PSU + 2 H 2 PA 6 - n H 2 O - H 2 O CF PPE MDI PUR

15 I II IV III + H 2 - CH 4 + + poly(p-methylstyrene) - H 2 + 2 O 2 + CO PET, PPT, PBT - H 2 O

16 V VI + 1.5 O 2 - H 2 O - CO 2 + 0.5 O 2 + 3 H 2 + [NO] [HSO 4 ] PA 6 Va Vb PUR + 2 COCl - 4 HCl + 6 H 2 - 4 H 2 O - CO 2

17 Semikrystalické Amorfní Cena a výkon Růst objemu (t/rok) Speciální polymery Technické plasty Spotřební plasty PI PPS PES PEI PVDC PEEK PTFE PVDF PA 11 PA 12 PPS Klasifikace termoplastů ASA PC PPO/PS PMMA ABS SMA PA 66 PET PA 6 POM PVC PS SAN PE-LD PE-HD PP

18 Hlavní použití polymerů Elektro/elektronika, 6,7 % Ostatní, 1,4 % Zemědělství, 1,8 % Průmysl, 3,2 % Automobily, 4,8 % Obchod, 9,3 % Nátěrové hmoty, 10,1 % Textilní průmysl, 10,3 % Domácnosti, 37 % Stavebnictví, 15,4 %