Číslo projektuCZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0950 Kódování materiálu vy_32_INOVACE_bio_evo02 Označení materiálu evo02_Restoration ecology_Returning degraded ecosystems.

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1 Číslo projektuCZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0950 Kódování materiálu vy_32_INOVACE_bio_evo02 Označení materiálu evo02_Restoration ecology_Returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state Název školyGymnázium Kladno AutorMgr. Veronika Nedvědová Anotace Základní informace o moderních metodách používaných k obnově poškozených ekosystémů. Podklady umožňují práci na principu CLIL výuky biologie v anglickém jazyce. PředmětBIO- biologie Tematická oblastEnvironmentální výchova TémaObnova poškozených ekosystémů Očekávané výstupy Pochopení možností obnovy poškozených ekosystémů. Důraz je kladen na aktivitu žáků, formulaci názorů a zaujímání postojů. Základním principem je stimulace komunikace v rámci tématu. Klíčová slova Bioremediace, augmentace, poškozené ekosystémy, obnova, vliv člověka na životní prostředí. Druh učebního materiáluVýklad s kontrolními otázkami Ročník3. a 4. Cílová skupinavyšší stupeň osmiletého gymnázia, čtyřleté gymnázium Ověřeno 6. 6. 2013 Použitá literatura: → J.B.Reece a kol.: Campbell Biology, Pearson, Ninth Edition,2O11. →Hájková J. a kol.: Slovník ekologie a životního prostředí, Fontána a Živá Planeta, 1998. →Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, Oxford University Press, Fifth Edition, 1995. Fotografie se svolením Vít Homér. Ostatní materiály z vlastních zdrojů. Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

2 a)The action of moving something from a settled or unusual position. b)Worse in quality. c)Return to a normal state. d)The action of returning sth.to a former condition. e)Dangerous. f)A group of plants growing in the same place. g)Settle in an area again. h)With the same specified relationship. i)The natural environment of an animal or a plant. j)Relating to natural conditions. harmful disturbance environmental habitat community mutually degraded recover from recolonize restoration Find definitions to the highlighted words : Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state. ……………….. damage plant ………………. ……………….. ecosystem ……………….. substances ……………….. beneficial relationship Fill in the missing words from the list: human ……………….. ………………… ecology ………………… the shock ………………... corridors ………………… the site Worksheet

3 a)The action of moving something from a settled or unusual position. b)Worse in quality. c)Return to a normal state. d)The action of returning sth.to a former condition. e)Dangerous. f)A group of plants growing in the same place. g)Settle in an area again. h)With the same specified relationship. i)The natural environment of an animal or a plant. j)Relating to natural conditions. harmful disturbance environmental habitat community mutually degraded recover from recolonize restoration Find definitions to the highlighted words : Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

4 harmful – e) human – a) environmental – j) habitat – i) plant – f) mutually - h) degraded - b) recover from – d) recolonize– g) restoration – c) Answers: Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

5 Fill in the missing words from the list: ……………….. damage plant ……………….. ……………….. ecosystem ……………….. substances ……………….. beneficial relationship human ……………….. ………………… ecology ………………… the shock ………………... corridors ………………… the site Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

6 environmental damage plant community degraded ecosystem harmful substances mutually beneficial relationship human disturbance restoration ecology recover from the shock habitat corridors recolonize the site Answers: Make sentences with these collocations. Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

7 Human disturbance …the strongest agent of disturbance at our planet today is human activity… logging and clearing for urban development mining disappearing of rain forests ocean trawling for fish polluting overgrazing Degraded ecosystem - can recover naturally from most disturbances - but it takes decades →RESTORATION ECOLOGY- a modern branch of biology goals: 1.To help to return an ecosystem to a more natural state. 2.To speed up the recovery. steps: a)Physical reconstruction of the ecosystem. b)Biological restoration. Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

8 Bioremediation = using organisms/prokaryotes, fungi, lichens, plants/to detoxify polluted ecosystems from heavy metals – Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni 1)organisms are introduced to the polluted sites 2)the harmful substances accumulate in their tissues 3)are harvested, removed 4)disposed of, burned Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

9 Biological augmentation … in contrast to bioremediation this strategy uses organisms to add essential materials to a degraded ecosystem… steps: 1.to determine which factors/ nutrients/ have been lost→ limit the recovery 2.to encourage the growth of plants that raise nitrogen concentration in soil- nitrogen fixing plants (Lupine).Or add mycorrhizae fungi to the soil (Lupinemycorrhizae fungi 3.to release such animal species that are important for pollinating, seed dispersion, … 4.to establish habitat corridors that would connect restored sites …THE LONG-TERM OBJECTIVE OF RESTORATION IS TO RETURN AN ECOSYSTEM AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE TO ITS PREDISTURBANCE STATE… Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

10 Mycorrhizae fungi mutually beneficial relationship between roots of most plants and fungi host plant provides fungus with a steady supply of sugar due to photosynthesis fungi enable plants to recolonize the site more easily: 1. increase the surface area for water uptake 2.supply the plant with phosphate and minerals 3.produce antibiotics that help protect the plant from pathogens Back Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

11 Lupine belongs to legume plants like soybean, pea, peanuts, alfalfa that host anaerobic bacteria on their roots → bumps on roots bacteria transform nitrogen from atmosphere to ammonium that is accessible to plants and helps them thrive → reduces spending on industrial fertilizers the relationship is mutually beneficial, plants provide bacteria with carbohydrates Back Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

12 1.Write down 5 main ideas connected with restoration ecology. 2.Name some specific places from the area where you live that would be suitable either for bioremediation or augmentation. Describe the situation. Give reasons. 3.Where does Lupine come from? 4.Why did it spread through our countryside so rapidly? 5.Do colours of Lupine flower vary? Answer the questions: Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.

13 Suggested answers: 1)  Restoration ecology helps to return degraded ecosystems to more natural state.  Bioremediation detoxifies polluted areas.  Biological augmentation uses organisms to speed up recovery of ecosystem.  Degraded ecosystems are able to recover on their own, but it takes decades.  Mutually beneficial relationship between organisms is called symbiosis. 2)  Dumping sites around Kladno connected with its mining history like Halda dolu Nosek.  Dumping sites that are results of iron and steel production activities.  Poldi brownfields. 3) North America. Gardening. 4) Due to its mycorrhizae fungi can grow nearly anywhere. 5) Yes, can be blue, purple, pink, white… Restoration ecology, returning degraded ecosystems to a more natural state.