HYDROLOGY AND WATER PROTECTION Výukový materiál EK Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

HYDROSPHERE A water cover of the Earth Surface water Subsurface water Oceans Seas Lakes Glaciers Snow Soil water Groundwater Water in live organisms Plants Animals Water in the atmosphere

WATER 1. sea water – 97 % 2. fresh water – 3 % ▫A) running = lotic (springs, streams, rivers) ▫B) standing = lentic (lakes, ponds, pools…)

WATER Water is in all three states (gaseous, liquid, solid) It is in a constant circulation It changes states

WATER INFLUENCE ON WATER ORGANISMS WATER DENSITY: Lifting big organisms (a rorqual) It influences a shape of a body hydrodynamic SURFACE TENSION: Indusium Neuston = plankton near the surface Pleuston = organisms on the surface of the indusium (a water measurer)

THE INFLUANCE ON WATER ORGANISMS HYDROSTATIC PRESURE: Organisms tolerate pressure increase up to a certain point Sudden pressure changes are dangerous LIGHT PERMEABILITY: Light intensity is reduced by depth Turbidity (dirtiness, organisms…) reduces water transparency Euphonical layer = lighten enough, photosynthesis dominates breathing

WATER INFLUENCE ON WATER ORGANISMS TEMPERATURE: A limiting factor of water environment The warmer water the less oxygen OXYGEN: Its content fluctuates in water (temperature, atmospheric pressure)

WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND ORGANISMS Water on dry land is a limiting factor Animal adaptation to the increased amount of water: ▫Higher release ▫Hydrophobic surface of a body (greasy fur, feathers ) ▫Lower concentration of body fluids Animal adaptation to the decreased amount of water: ▫Reduction of sweat glands ▫Brighter body colouring ▫Waterproof body surface ▫Concentrated and dry excrements

WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND ORGANISMS Plants: Water receiving mainly by roots We divide them according to demands on water: Hydrofyts = water (a duckweed) Hygrofyts = hydrophilous (a kingcup) Mezofyts = not high demands (a marguerite) Xerofyts = xerophilus (a kavyl)

WATER INFLUENCE ON LAND ORGANISMS Plant adaptation to lower amount of water: ▫Long roots ▫Hears ▫Thick cuticula ▫Stock organs ▫Leaves reduction ▫Adaptation of metabolism

PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION A. biological pollution ▫Dung-water ▫Sewage ▫Waste (starch factories, sugar factories…) B. chemical pollution ▫Oil and oil products ▫Phenols ▫Fertilizers ▫Pesticides ▫Heavy metals

PROBLEMS OF WATER POLLUTION C. physical pollution ▫Radioactive ▫Thermal ▫Mechanical

WATER PROTECTION Water has a self-cleaning ability up to a certain point Building of sewage treatment plants Reduction of consumption of drinking and supply water Prevent seepage of substances with an adverse impact on down streams Responsible intervention of humans into water relations in the landscape

REVISION: 1. Hydrology is ………… 2. Flushing water =……………. 3. Running water = ……………. 4. Water pollution is: ▫A)…………………. ▫B) ………………… ▫C)…………………. 5. How did the plants adopt to the decrease of water amount?

Zdroj: HANČOVÁ, Hana, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Biologie v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 2. vyd. Praha: Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN BIČÍK, Ivan, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodní obraz Země: učebnice zeměpisu pro střední školy. 1. vyd. Praha: Nakladatelství České geografické společnosti, 2001, 135 s. ISBN