PEDOLOGY AND SOIL PROTECTION Výukový materiál EK Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR
SOIL A thin film on the lithospheric surface An irreplaceable natural resource A special importance mainly in agriculture
SOIL FORMING PROCESS by weathering of rocks and pedogenic processes the base is pedogenic substrate (weathering) The main factors for weathering are: ◦Temperature ◦Humidity ◦Atmospheric gases ◦Mineral substance Live organisms are an important part
SOIL COMPOSITION The soil is on the boundary between inanimated and animated nature It is made up of: Inorganic particles of weathered rocks and minerals Plant and animal organisms= EDAFHON Waste products of these organisms Humus (a set of organic substrates of breaking down bodies of died organisms)
SOIL STRUCTURE The free spaces between solid particles of soil are filled by Soil water (solution with dissolved mineral and organic substrates) Soil air (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases)
SOIL TYPES – according to the grain size Light (sandy) soil Heavy (clay) soil Medium (loamy) soil
SOIL TYPES – according to the colour and the texture (fertility) Black soil – fertile, lowlands Brown soil – the most widespread in the CR Podsols – less fertile Other soils
SOIL IMPORTANCE The most important, heavy renewable natural source Natural site of plants and animals Water utilization importance (water holding) Agriculture Forestry
PROBLEMS OF SOIL POLLUTION FERTILIZERS Unsuitable and overused PESTICIDES Kill organisms in the soil DESERT SPREADING Spreading of deserts
PROBLEMS OF SOIL POLLUTION AIR POLLUTANTS Heavy metals, fly-ash, acid rains EROSIONS Soil erosion and loss due to wind and water IRONING AND STEELING Using of heavy machinery
SOIL PROTECTION Suitable using of fertilizers Suitable using of pesticides Following agro-technical procedures Renewal of balks and little balks
Revision: 1. Soil is a thin film on the surface of.….. 2. Name the main factors of weathering. 3. The free spaces between solid particles of soil are filled with………… and ……………… 4. What are the problems of soil pollution? 5. How can we protect the soil? 6. The erosion and loss of soil is called
Zdroj: MATĚJKA, Dobroslav, Radek MIKULÁŠ, Václav ZIEGLER a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodopis. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, ISBN ŠTULC, Miloslav, Pavel PŘÍHODA, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodní obraz Země: pro 1. ročník gymnázia. Vyd. 1. Praha: Fortuna, 1995, 135 s. ISBN X BIČÍK, Ivan, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodní obraz Země: učebnice zeměpisu pro střední školy. 1. vyd. Praha: Nakladatelství České geografické společnosti, 2001, 135 s. ISBN HANČOVÁ, Hana, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Biologie v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 2. vyd. Praha: Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN