ATMOSPHERE AND ITS PROTECTION Výukový materiál EK Tvůrce: Mgr. Alena Výborná Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Miloslava Dorážková Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

ATMOSPHERE An air cover of the Earth Reflects solar radiation At nights it prevents heat loss from the Earth

ATMOSPHERE A vertical division of the atmosphere: ▫Troposphere (life of organisms) ▫Stratosphere ▫Mesosphere ▫Ionosphere ▫Exosphere

TROPOSPHERE The lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere It extends from Earth's surface to an average height of about 11 km 80% - 90% air of the atmosphere Most meteorological effects takes place there Clouds are made there Organisms live there

STRUCTURE OF AIR NITROGEN 78 % OXYGEN 21 % CARBON DIOXIDE 0,03 % PRECIOUS GASES nearly 1% N O2 CO2

STRATOSPHERE It extends from the Earth's surface to an average height of about 50 – 60 km The layer between 25 – 35 km above the Earth is called ozonosphere Ozonosphere contains high concentration of O3 Ozone layer protects the Earth against UV radiation

MESOSPHERE It extends from the Earth's surface to an average height of about 80 – 85 km

IONOSPHERE It extends from the Earth's surface to an average height of about 800 km The air is rarefied there It reflects radio waves

EXOSPHERE The outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere

THE IPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE FOR LIFE Structure of the atmosphere and its physical properties (pressure, density and air circulation) have effects on organisms It changes solar energy into thermal energy It directs the division of warm and humidity on the Earth A condition of life on the Earth

PROBLEMS OF AIR POLLUTION EMISSION = substances getting into the atmosphere POLLUTANTS = substances formed by reactions of emissions and air components SMOG = mixture of emissions and pollutants above industrial agglomerations INVERSION = thermal inversion there is no air mix smog stays near the ground

PROBLEMS OF AIR POLLUTION SO2 – is formed by burning fossil fuels FREONS – damage ozonosphere SOLID EMISSIONS – are formed by burning, mining and modification of raw materials LEAD – from exhaust pipes

PERSPECTIVE SOLUTIONS Reduction of energy consumption Restriction of burning of fossil fuels Searching of new energetic sources Reduction of exhausts Use of transport less damaging the environment

Revision: 1. What is the atmosphere? 2. How do we divide the atmosphere (vertically)? 3. How much oxygen does the atmosphere contain? 4. What are emissions? 5. What are pollutants? 6. Name some perspectives of air pollution solutions.

Zdroj: HANČOVÁ, Hana, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Biologie v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 2. vyd. Praha: Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN BIČÍK, Ivan, Bohumír JANSKÝ, Hana SRBOVÁ a Václav CÍLEK. Přírodní obraz Země: učebnice zeměpisu pro střední školy. 1. vyd. Praha: Nakladatelství České geografické společnosti, 2001, 135 s. ISBN