CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS Výukový materiál GE 02 - 59 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS chromosomal aberations they do not change genes like that they change the structure of chromosomes change in the extension of hundred genes they can be observed by light microscope significantly bigger extension of phenotypical changes breaking of chromosome occur obrázek v učebnici

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS they arise after: breaking of a chromosome breaking of a chromatid following reconnection or the loss of the broken section

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS deficiency – loss of the fragment between two breaks on the chromosome arm after short deletions can occur connection; so called chromosomal ring translocation = transpose of a chromosome part on another chromosome after break of the end sections of two different chromosomes and after reciprocal exchange – reciprocal translocation

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS deletion = loss of an internal chromosome part inversion= reverse of a chromosome section duplication = doubling of a chromosome part fragmentation = break-up of a chromosome into more parts

CHROMOSOMAL ABERATIONS

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS in contrast to gene mutations chromosomal mutations (aberrations) can be an obstacle in normal process of meiosis gametes are sterile zygotes not vital

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS in contrast to gene mutations chromosomal mutations can be an obstacle in normal process of cell division chromosome without a centromere cannot connect to the dividing spindle > it disappears

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS chromosomal mutations are an obstacle in normal process of meiotic division by meiosis it disables synapsis abnormal gametes arise after fertilization defect zygotes arise

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS chromosomal mutations arise relatively often it occurs at about 5 % zygotes arisen by fertilization of gametes carrying chromosomal mutations defect zygotes though mainly die at the beginning of embryonal development

WORKSHEET DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

WORKSHEET DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

SOURCES CHALUPOVÁ-KARLOVSKÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie: středoškolská učebnice : evoluce, biologie buňky, genetika : s 558 řešenými testovými otázkami. 2., opr. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, 206 s. ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0