FROM ORAL TRADITION TO THE PRESENT AMERICAN LITERATURE

NÁZEV ŠKOLY: Gymnázium Lovosice, Sady pionýrů 600/6 ČÍSLO PROJEKTU: CZ.1.07/1.5.00/ NÁZEV MATERIÁLU: VY_32_INOVACE_5B_10_American.literature TÉMA SADY: Konverzační témata a specifická slovní zásoba z angličtiny ROČNÍK: oktáva/4.A DATUM VZNIKU: říjen 2013 AUTOR: Mgr. Lucie Kučerová

ANOTACE tento výukový materiál slouží k osvojení znalostí nutných ke zvládnutí maturitního tématu American literature v angličtině a je určen k prezentaci na interaktivní tabuli všechny snímky jsou opatřený animací, čímž vzniká prostor pro interakci studentů a komunikaci v angličtině faktografické informace jsou v prezentaci ilustrovány fotografiemi, zejména pak portréty autorů samotných materiál je opatřen dvěma hypertextovými odkazy na stránku youtube.com první odkazuje na krátký dokumentární film o životě a díle Ernesta Hemingwaye druhý odkazuje na animovanou adaptaci Hemingwayovy novely Stařec a moře prezentace je koncipována tak, aby vzniklo co nejvíce prostoru pro aktivní zapojení studentů do hodiny

INDIAN LITERATURE orally transmitted, originally no written literature more than 500 different languages, tribal variations (e.g. religion, government system) topics of nature, spiritual forces, physical mother, religious cycles great range of genres: folk tales, song lyrics, myths, legends, riddles, anecdotes, fairy tales, poems, lullabies, war chants etc.

THE LITERATURE OF FIRST EUROPEAN COLONISTS first European settlers Puritans: literal interpretation of The Bible, importance of worshipping God, dangers that souls face on the Earth William Bradford ( ): Of Plymouth Plantation; description of the life in a new colony poetry, sermons, theological tracts, and histories

COLONISATION AND INDEPENDANCE 1700s: the immigrant population expanded westwards conflicts with Native Americans because of the land James Fennimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans Native Americans and pioneers Poor Richard‘s Almanac weather forecasts, puzzles, games, household hints, calendars, proverbs late 1700s: conflicts between British soldiers and colonists July 4, 1776: the Declaration of Independance

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD late 18 th century; the population in colonies numbered greatly; War for independance shift from the puritanical ideas to the power of human mind and rational thoughts human centered world influenced by the invetions in physics, chemistry, and technology; Enlightment movement literature reflected diversity in political and religous beliefs Benjamin Franklin ( ): The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin unfinished record of the author‘s own life; historical and litareal value the first book to be taken seriously by Europeans as a piece of literature

19TH CENTURY Civil war ending with the abolition of slavery Washington Irving humorous short stories andfolk tales about Dutch settlers The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip Van Winkle Edgar Allan Poe the father of horror and crime fiction The Fall of the House of Usher, The Black Cat Herman Melville: Moby Dick autobiographical experience as a sailor Mark Twain: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn entertaining stories about life along the Mississippi River

19TH CENTURY Walt Whitman free verse; celebrated nature, human-self The Leaves of Grass Emily Dickinson short poems about love, death and God Jack London adventurous books, sometimesbased onhis own experience from the Klondike and gold rush White Fang, The Call of the Wild

THE LOST GENERATION authors influenced by World War I Ernest Hemingway short stories and novels about soldiers 1930s: the Great Depression John Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men working-class people and their struggle during the Depression

BETWEEN THE WORLD WARS new laws about child labour, prohibition, women rights writers focused on social and war experience problems Francis Scott Fitzgerald: The Great Gatsby people trying to follow the American dream William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury how the past, especially the era of slavery, influenced the present long chaotic sentencestoshow the thoughts andfeelings of the characters

ERNEST HEMINGWAY served as a war corespondent inWWI and the Spanish Civil War the plain writing style, „the method of the iceberg“ Nobel Price winner work: A Farewell to Arms For Whom the Bell Tolls The Old Man and the Sea

WORLD WAR II in 1942 the US joined WWII after Pearl Harbor attack women started to work the beginning of nuclear arms race some author used their war experiences in their novels Joseph Heller: Catch-22 satirical novel, a black comedy about military life William Styron: Sophie‘s Choice a Polish woman forced to make a cruel choice

POST WWII PERIOD social changes, the importance of family life Beat Generation authors rejected traditional society and looked for new experiences through drugs, jazz music and Eastern mysticism Jack Kerouac: On the Road the Vietnam War and civil rights topics the Cold War and oil crisis J.D. Salinger: The Catcher in the Rye a troubled sensitive teeneger who runs away from his school Ken Kesey: One Flew Over the Cuckoo‘s Nest a man who pretends to be mad in order to escape imprisonment John Irving: The World According to Garp Toni Morrison: Beloved

Zdroje obrázků galerie microsoft ofice, včetně webu office.com BARTBASSIST. commons.wikimedia.org [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: g=cs KARSH, Yousuf. commons.wikimedia.org [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: =cs ANRIE. commons.wikimedia.org [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: ang=cs BROWN, Reynold. commons.wikimedia.org [online]. [cit ]. Dostupný na WWW: =cs